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Citellinema (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae) from North America with descriptions of 2 new species from the red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus and 1 from the Canadian woodchuck, Marmota monax

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 May 2022

Haitham Alnaqeb Open the ORCID record for Haitham Alnaqeb [Opens in a new window] ,
Kurt E. Galbreath Open the ORCID record for Kurt E. Galbreath [Opens in a new window] ,
Anson V. Koehler ,
Mariel L. Campbell  and
F. Agustín Jiménez Open the ORCID record for F. Agustín Jiménez [Opens in a new window]
Haitham Alnaqeb
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501, USA
Kurt E. Galbreath
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Michigan 49855, USA
Anson V. Koehler
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
Mariel L. Campbell
Affiliation:
Division of Genomic Resources, Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
F. Agustín Jiménez*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6501, USA
*
Author for correspondence: F. Agustín Jiménez, Email: agustinjz@zoology.siu.edu
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Abstract

Citellinema Hall, 1918 includes 6 valid species of gastrointestinal nematodes of sciurids. Two species occur in the Palearctic and 4 in the Nearctic, 3 of which occur minimally across Colorado, Idaho and Oregon and 1, Citellinema bifurcatum, has a wide distribution across North America. Members of the genus are didelphic, possess a cephalic vesicle, a terminal spine-like process in females and feature robust spicules, consisting of a proximal end fused and semicylindrical shaft connected to a lamina supported by 2 terminal filiform processes. Typically, the size of the spicules is used to differentiate species. As part of the Beringian Coevolution Project, specimens provisionally identified as C. bifurcatum were collected through intensive field sampling of mammals and associated parasites from across localities spanning the Holarctic. These specimens revealed considerable genetic variability at both mitochondrial and nuclear loci, supporting the identification of deeply divergent clades. Examination of these new specimens, along with the holotypes of C. bifurcatum and Citellinema quadrivittati indicates that Citellinema monacis (previously synonymized with C. bifurcatum) should be resurrected and 3 additional species described. We suggest that the apparent bifurcated nature of the spicule should be considered a generic diagnostic trait, while the proportional length of the lamina relative to that of the spicule is used as a specific character. We demonstrate the critical need for continued inventory of often poorly known assemblages of hosts and parasites, contributing to a growing baseline of archival specimens, collections and information that make explorations of faunal structure and diversity possible.

Keywords

CitellinemaHeligmosomoideaNematodascientific collectionsTamiasciurus hudsonicus
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Issue 9 , August 2022 , pp. 1199 - 1218
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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