Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T13:52:03.643Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Patterns of bryozoan endemism through the Ordovician-Silurian transition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Robert L. Anstey ,
Joseph F. Pachut  and
Michael E. Tuckey
Robert L. Anstey
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. E-mail: anstey@msu.edu
Joseph F. Pachut
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. E-mail: jpachut@iupui.edu
Michael E. Tuckey
Affiliation:
DLZ Michigan, Inc., 1425 Keystone Avenue, Lansing, Michigan 48911. E-mail: tuckey@ix.netcom.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Area cladograms produced by parsimony analysis of endemicity illustrate historically developed biogeographical associations among Caradocian, Ashgillian, Llandoverian, and Wenlockian bryozoans. Areas in North America, Siberia, and Baltica were organized into three provinces and 12 biomes over a time interval of 35 million years. Six of these biomes belonged to the North American-Siberian Province and became extinct during the Ashgillian. Three biomes represent a successional series of biogeographical associations in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, and the middle biome of this succession is most closely related to that of the Wenlockian platform in North America. All four Silurian biomes are represented in Late Ordovician local areas, indicating that the associations important in the recovery radiation were already in existence prior to the extinction events. Three of these four biomes expanded their geographic extent in the wake of the Late Ordovician extinctions. Several biome extinction and replacement events took place during lowstands of sea level, suggesting that biogeographic reorganizations took place as a consequence of habitat loss in epeiric seas. Biome development largely depended on the extent of major litho-topes and their intersections with deep ocean and climatic barriers. The loss of regional habitats, associated with marine regression, was a key factor in biome extinction and reorganization, and indicates that biogeography played a significant role in the Late Ordovician mass extinctions and Silurian recovery radiations. Vicariance hypotheses are needed to account for the development of barriers subdividing ancestral areas, whereas hypotheses of congruent dispersal are required to explain the appearance of biomes in geographically disjunct areas.

Type
Articles
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , Summer 2003 , pp. 305 - 328
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anstey, R. L. 1986. Bryozoan provinces and patterns of generic evolution and extinction in the Late Ordovician of North America. Lethaia 19:33–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anstey, R. L., and Rabbio, S. F. 1989. Regional bryozoan biostratigraphy and taphonomy of the Edenian stratotype (Kope Formation, Cincinnati Area): graphic correlation and gradient analysis. Palaios 4:574–584.Google Scholar
Anstey, R. L., Rabbio, S. F., and Tuckey, M. E. 1987. Bryozoan bathymetric gradients within a Late Ordovician epeiric sea. Paleoceanography 2:165–176.Google Scholar
Boucot, A. J. 1979. Silurian. Pp. 167–182in Berggren, W. et al. Introduction. Part A ofRobison, R. A. and Teichert, C., eds. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colo., and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Brenchley, P. J. 1984. Late Ordovician extinctions and their relationship to the Gondwana glaciation. Pp. 291–315in Brenchley, P. J., ed. Fossils and climate. Wiley, Chichester, England.Google Scholar
Butler, K. L., and Cuffey, R. J. 1996. Reduced bryozoan diversity and paleoenvironmental stress in the Saluda dolomite (uppermost Ordovician, southeastern Indiana). Pp. 55–62in Gordon, D. P., Smith, A. M., and Grant-Mackie, J. A., eds. Bryozoans in space and time. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Carrera, M. G., and Rigby, J. K. 1999. Biogeography of Ordovician sponges. Journal of Paleontology 73:26–37.Google Scholar
Cox, C. B., and Moore, P. D. 2000. Biogeography: an ecological and evolutionary approach. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.Google Scholar
Croizat, L. 1982. Vicariance/vicariism, panbiogeography, “vicariance biogeography,” etc.: a clarification. Systematic Zoology 31:291–303.Google Scholar
Ebach, M. C., and Humphries, C. J. 2002. Cladistic biogeography and the art of discovery. Journal of Biogeography 29:427–444.Google Scholar
Fordham, B. G. 1992. Chronometric calibration of mid-Ordovician to Tournaisian conodont zones: a compilation from recent graphic-correlation and isotope studies. Geological Magazine 129:709–721.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A., and Cocks, L. R. M. 1992. The early Palaeozoic of the North Atlantic region as a test case for the use of fossils in continental reconstruction. Tectonophysics 206:147–158.Google Scholar
Grande, L. 1985. The use of paleontology in systematics and biogeography, and a time control refinement for historical biogeography. Paleobiology 11:234–243.Google Scholar
Hallam, A. 1994. An outline of Phanerozoic biogeography. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Harland, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., and Smith, D. G. 1989. A geologic time scale 1989. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Holland, S. M. 1993. Sequence stratigraphy of a carbonate-clastic ramp: the Cincinnatian Series (Upper Ordovician) in its type area. Geological Society of America Bulletin 105:306–322.Google Scholar
Holland, S. M. 1997. Using time-environment analysis to recognize faunal events in the Upper Ordovician of the Cincinnati Arch. Pp. 309–334in Brett, C. E., ed. Paleontological event horizons: ecological and evolutionary implications. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Holland, S. M., and Patzkowsky, M. E. 1997. Distal orogenic effects on peripheral bulge sedimentation: middle and upper Ordovician of the Nashville Dome. Journal of Sedimentary Research 67:250–263.Google Scholar
Hunn, C. A., and Upchurch, P. 2001. The importance of time/ space in diagnosing the causality of phylogenetic events: towards a “chronobiogeographical” paradigm? Systematic Biology 50:391–407.Google Scholar
Jaanuson, V. 1979. Ordovician. Pp. 136–166in Berggren, W. et al. Introduction. Part A of Robison, R. A. and Teichert, C., eds. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colo., and University of Kansas, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1985. Marine regressions and mass extinctions: a test using the modern biota. Pp. 335–354in Valentine, J. W., ed. Phanerozoic diversity patterns. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Kaljo, D., and Klaaman, E. 1973. Ordovician and Silurian corals. Pp. 37–46in Hallam, A., ed. Atlas of palaeobiogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Klassen, G. J., Mooi, R. D., and Locke, A. 1991. Consistency indices and random data. Systematic Zoology 40:446–457.Google Scholar
Lieberman, B. S. 2000. Paleobiogeography: using fossils to study global change, plate tectonics and evolution. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Lieberman, B. S., and Eldredge, N. 1996. Trilobite biogeography in the Middle Devonian: geological processes and analytical methods. Paleobiology 22:66–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lincoln, R. J., Boxhall, G. A., and Clark, P. F. 1982. A dictionary of ecology, evolution and systematics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Middlemiss, F. A., Rawson, R. F., and Newall, G., eds. 1971. Fauna1 provinces in space and time. Seel House, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Nekhorosheva, L. V. 1976. Ordovician Bryozoa of the Soviet Arctic. Pp. 575–582in Bassett, M. G., ed. The Ordovician System: proceedings of a Palaeontological Association symposium, Birmingham, September 1974. University of Wales Press and National Museum of Wales, Cardiff.Google Scholar
Patzkowsky, M. E., and Holland, S. M. 1999. Biofacies replacement in a sequence stratigraphic framework: middle and upper Ordovician of the Nashville Dome, Tennessee, U.S.A. Palaios 14:301–323.Google Scholar
Platnick, N., and Nelson, G. 1978. A method of analysis for historical biogeography. Systematic Zoology 27:1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rong, J., and Harper, D. A. 1988. A global synthesis of the latest Ordovician Hirnantian brachiopod faunas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Earth Sciences) 79:383–402.Google Scholar
Rosen, B. R., and Smith, A. B. 1988. Tectonics from fossils? Analysis of reef-coral and sea-urchin distributions from Late Cretaceous to Recent, using a new method. Pp. 275–306in Audley-Charles, M. G. and Hallam, A., eds. Analytical biogeography. Chapman and Hall, London.Google Scholar
Ross, J. R. P., and Ross, C. A. 1996. Bryozoan evolution and dispersal and Paleozoic sea-level fluctuations. Pp. 243–258in Gordon, D. P., Smith, A. M., and Grant-Mackie, J. A., eds. Bryozoans in space and time. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Scotese, C. R. 1986. Phanerozoic reconstructions: a new look at the assembly of Asia. University of Texas Institute of Geophysics Technical Report 66:1–54.Google Scholar
Scotese, C. R. 2000. PALEOMAP project. http://www.cscotese.com/climate.htm.Google Scholar
Scotese, C. R., Bambach, R. K., Barton, C., Van Der Voo, R., and Ziegler, A. M. 1979. Paleozoic base maps. Journal of Geology 87:217–277.Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. M. 1975. Brachiopod synecology in a time of crisis (Late Ordovician-Early Silurian). Paleobiology 1:205–217.Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. M. 1979. Swedish Late Ordovician marine benthic assemblages and their bearing on brachiopod zoogeography. Pp. 61–73in Gray, J. and Boucot, A. J., eds. Historical biogeography, plate tectonics and the changing environment. Proceedings of the 37th annual biological colloquium. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis.Google Scholar
Spjeldnaes, N. 1981. Lower Paleozoic paleoclimatology. Pp. 199–256in Holland, C. H., ed. Lower Paleozoic of the Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, and Antarctica. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Sweet, W. C. 1984. Graphic correlation of upper Middle and Upper Ordovician rocks, North American Midcontinent Province, U.S.A. Pp. 23–36in Bruton, D. L., ed. Aspects of the Ordovician System. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. 2000. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), Version 4.0b4a. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.Google Scholar
Sylvester-Bradley, P. C. 1971. Dynamic factors in animal palaeogeography. Pp. 1–18in Middlemiss, F. A., Rawson, P. F., and Newall, G., eds. Faunal provinces in space and time. Seel House, Liverpool.Google Scholar
Tuckey, M. E. 1988. Global biogeography, biostratigraphy, and evolutionary patterns of Ordovician and Silurian Bryozoa. Ph.D. dissertation. Michigan State University, East Lansing.Google Scholar
Tuckey, M. E. 1990a. Biogeography of Ordovician bryozoans. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 77:91–126.Google Scholar
Tuckey, M. E. 1990b. Distributions and extinctions of Silurian Bryozoa. In McKerrow, W. S. and Scotese, C. R., eds. Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography. Geological Society of London Memoir 12:197–206.Google Scholar
Tuckey, M. E., and Anstey, R. L. 1989. Gradient analysis: a quantitative technique for biostratigraphic correlation. Palaios 4:475–479.Google Scholar
Tuckey, M. E., and Anstey, R. L. 1992. Late Ordovician extinctions of bryozoans. Lethaia 25:111–117.Google Scholar
Whittington, H. B., and Hughes, C. P. 1972. Ordovician geography and faunal provinces deduced from trilobite distribution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 263:235–278.Google Scholar
Williams, A. 1973. Distribution of brachiopod assemblages in relation to Ordovician palaeogeography. In Hughes, N. F., ed. Organisms and continents through time. Special Papers in Palaeontology 12:241–269. Palaeontological Association, London.Google Scholar