Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-12T09:27:40.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Determinants of early survival in marine animal genera

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 February 2013

Michael Foote  and
Arnold I. Miller
Michael Foote
Affiliation:
Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, U.S.A. E-mail: mfoote@uchicago.edu
Arnold I. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U.S.A. E-mail: arnold.miller@uc.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Genera by their very nature are expected to be monotypic and geographically and environmentally restricted at their origin, and most genera do not endure past their stage of first appearance. At the same time, those genera that do endure have a capacity to expand greatly in geographic range, environmental breadth, and species richness. Here we ask what it is that allows some genera and not others to survive past their inception. Using occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database, we find that initial geographic range has the strongest effect on survival, followed by environmental breadth, with the effect of species richness weaker on average. The effect of geographic range is strongest if measured as the distances spanned by the occurrences of a genus rather than the number of distinct areas in which a genus lives. We document substantial secular variation in selectivity of early survival. The most striking aspect of this variation is that survival is only weakly selective among genera that first appear during the Mesozoic. By following genera beyond their stage of first appearance, we find that selectivity with respect to all factors becomes systematically stronger as cohorts age and genera become more differentiated in range, breadth, and richness. This may help account for a previously identified statistical effect of genus age on the chances of survival.

Type
Featured Article
Information
Paleobiology , Volume 39 , Issue 2 , Spring 2013 , pp. 171 - 192
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agresti, A. 2007. An introduction to categorical data analysis, 2d ed. Wiley, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alroy, J., Aberhan, M., Bottjer, D. J., Foote, M., Fürsich, F. T., Harries, P. J., Hendy, A. J. W., Holland, S. M., Ivany, L. C., Kiessling, W., Kosnik, M. A., Marshall, C. R., McGowan, A. J., Miller, A. I., Olszewski, T. D., Patzkowsky, M. E., Peters, S. E., Villier, L., Wagner, P. J., Bonuso, N., Borkow, P. S., Brenneis, B., Clapham, M. E., Fall, L. M., Ferguson, C. A., Hanson, V. L., Krug, A. Z., Layou, K. M., Leckey, E. H., Nürnberg, S., Powers, C. M., Sessa, J. A., Simpson, C., Tomašových, A., and Visaggi, C. C. 2008. Phanerozoic trends in the global diversity of marine invertebrates. Science 321:97–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baumiller, T. K. 1993. Survivorship analysis of Paleozoic Crinoidea: effect of filter morphology on evolutionary rates. Paleobiology 19:304–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behrensmeyer, A. K., Damuth, J. D., DiMichele, W. A., Potts, R., Sues, H.-D., and Wing, S. L. 1992. Terrestrial ecosystems through time: evolutionary paleoecology of terrestrial plants and animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Blackburn, T. M., Cassey, P., and Gaston, K. J. 2006. Variations on a theme: sources of heterogeneity in the form of the interspecific relationship between abundance and distribution. Journal of Animal Ecology 75:1426–1439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bolstad, B. M., Irizarry, R. A., Astrand, M., and Speed, T. P. 2003. A comparison of normalization methods for high density oligonucleotide array data based on bias and variance. Bioinformatics 19:185–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, J. H. 1984. On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. American Naturalist 124:255–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caster, K. E. 1939. A Devonian fauna from Colombia. Bulletins of American Paleontology 24:1–218.Google Scholar
Crampton, J. S., Cooper, R. A., Beu, A. G., Foote, M., and Marshall, B. A. 2010. Biotic influences on species duration: interactions between traits in marine molluscs. Paleobiology 36:204–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easton, W. H. 1945. Kinkaid corals from Illinois. Journal of Paleontology 19:383–389.Google Scholar
Finnegan, S., Payne, J. L., and Wang, S. C. 2008. The Red Queen revisited: reevaluating the age selectivity of Phanerozoic marine genus extinctions. Paleobiology 34:318–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, M. 2007. Symmetric waxing and waning of marine invertebrate genera. Paleobiology 33:517–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, M., Crampton, J. S., Beu, A. G., Marshall, B. A., Cooper, R. A., Maxwell, P. A., and Matcham, I. 2007. Rise and fall of species occupancy in Cenozoic fossil mollusks. Science 318:1131–1134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foote, M., Crampton, J. S., Beu, A. G., and Cooper, R. A. 2008. On the bidirectional relationship between geographic range and taxonomic duration. Paleobiology 34:421–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortey, R. A., Harper, D. A. T., Ingham, J. K., Owen, A. W., and Rushton, A. W. A. 1995. A revision of Ordovician series and stages from the historical type area. Geological Magazine 132:15–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannisdal, B., and Peters, S. E. 2011. Phanerozoic Earth system evolution and marine biodiversity. Science 334:1121–1124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, T. A. 1980. Influence of larval dispersal and geographic distribution on species longevity in neogastropods. Paleobiology 6:193–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harnik, P. G. 2011. Direct and indirect effects of biological factors on extinction risk in fossil bivalves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108:13594–13599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harnik, P. G., Simpson, C., and Payne, J. L. 2012. Long-term differences in extinction risk among the seven forms of rarity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 179:4969–4976.Google Scholar
Heim, N. A., and Peters, S. E. 2011. Regional environmental breadth predicts geographic range and longevity in fossil marine genera. PLoS ONE 6:e18946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holland, S. M., and Patzkowsky, M. E. 2007. Gradient ecology of a biotic invasion: biofacies of the type Cincinnatian Series (Upper Ordovician), Cincinnati, Ohio region, USA. Palaios 22:392–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1986. Background and mass extinctions: the alternation of macroevolutionary regimes. Science 231:129–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jablonski, D. 1987. Heritability at the species level: analysis of geographic ranges of Cretaceous mollusks. Science 238:360–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jablonski, D. 2005. Mass extinctions and macroevolution. Paleobiology 31:192–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jablonski, D. 2008. Species selection: theory and data. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 39:501–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jablonski, D., and Bottjer, D. J. 1988. Onshore-offshore evolutionary patterns in post-Paleozoic echinoderms: a preliminary analysis. Pp. 81–90inBurke, R. D., Mladenov, P. V., Lambert, P., and Parsley, R. L., eds. Echinoderm biology. Proceedings of the sixth international echinoderm conference. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D., and Hunt, G. 2006. Larval ecology, geographic range, and species survivorship in Cretaceous mollusks: organismic versus species-level explanations. American Naturalist 168:556–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, J. B. C. 1974. Biogeographic consequences of eurytopy and stenotopy among marine bivalves and their evolutionary significance. American Naturalist 108:541–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jernvall, J., and Fortelius, M. 2004. Maintenance of trophic structure in fossil mammal communities: site occupancy and taxon resilience. American Naturalist 164:614–624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kammer, T. W., Baumiller, T. K., and Ausich, W. I. 1997. Species longevity as a function of niche breadth: evidence from fossil crinoids. Geology 25:219–222.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kammer, T. W., Baumiller, T. K., and Ausich, W. I. 1998. Evolutionary significance of differential species longevity in Osagean-Meramecian (Mississippian) crinoid clades. Paleobiology 24:155–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiessling, W., and Aberhan, M. 2007. Geographical distribution and extinction risk: lessons from Triassic–Jurassic marine benthic organisms. Journal of Biogeography 34:1473–1489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krug, A. Z., Jablonski, D., and Valentine, J. W. 2008. Species-genus ratios reflect a global history of diversification and range expansion in marine bivalves. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 275:1117–1123.Google ScholarPubMed
Liow, L. H., and Stenseth, N. C. 2007. The rise and fall of species: implications for macroevolutionary and macroecological studies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 274:2745–2752.Google ScholarPubMed
Liow, L. H., Skaug, H. J., Ergon, T., and Schweder, T. 2010. Global occurrence trajectories of microfossils: environmental volatility and the rise and fall of individual species. Paleobiology 36:224–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lochman, C. 1966. Lower Ordovician (Arenig) faunas from the Williston Basin, Montana and North Dakota. Journal of Paleontology 40:512–548.Google Scholar
Lockwood, R. 2003. Abundance not linked to survival across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction: Patterns in North American bivalves. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100:2478–2482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKinney, M. L. 1997. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:495–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, A. I. 1988. Spatio-temporal transitions in Paleozoic Bivalvia: an analysis of North American fossil assemblages. Historical Biology 1:251–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, A. I. 1997. A new look at age and area: the geographic and environmental expansion of genera during the Ordovician Radiation. Paleobiology 23:410–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogg, J. G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F. M. 2008. The concise geologic time scale. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Payne, J. L. 2005. Evolutionary dynamics of gastropod size across the end-Permian extinction and through the Triassic recovery interval. Paleobiology 31:269–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, J. L., and Finnegan, S. 2007. The effect of geographic range on extinction risk during background and mass extinction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104:10506–10511.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Payne, J. L., Truebe, S., Nützel, A., and Chang, E. T. 2011. Local and global abundance associated with extinction risk in late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic gastropods. Paleobiology 37:616–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pigot, A. L., Owens, I. P. F., and Orme, C. D. L. 2012. Speciation and extinction drive the appearance of directional range size evolution in phylogenies and the fossil record. PLoS Biology 10:e1001260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powell, M. G. 2007. Geographic range and genus longevity of late Paleozoic brachiopods. Paleobiology 33:530–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
R Development Core Team. 2011. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. http://www.R-project.org/.Google Scholar
Raia, P., Meloro, C., Loy, A., and Barbera, C. 2006. Species occupancy and its course in the past: Macroecological patterns in extinct communities. Evolutionary Ecology Research 8:181–194.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1988. Alpha, beta, or gamma: where does all the diversity go? Paleobiology 14:221–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, C., and Harnik, P. G. 2009. Assessing the role of abundance in marine bivalve extinction over the post-Paleozoic. Paleobiology 35:631–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sohn, I. G. 1968. Triassic ostracodes from Makhtesh Ramon, Israel. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Israel 44:1–71.Google Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1979. Macroevolution: pattern and process. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Thein, M. L., and Nitecki, M. H. 1974. Chesterian (Upper Mississippian) Gastropoda of the Illinois Basin. Fieldiana (Geology) 34:1–238.Google Scholar
Wang, S. C., and Bush, A. M. 2008. Adjusting global extinction rates to account for taxonomic susceptibility. Paleobiology 34:434–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, J. C. 1926. Age and area. Quarterly Review of Biology 1:553–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, J. C., and Yule, G. U. 1922. Some statistics of evolution and geographical distribution in plants and animals, and their significance. Nature 109:177–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar