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Stratigraphy and integrated facies analysis of the Saalian and Eemian sediments in the Amsterdam-Terminal borehole, the Netherlands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2016

Robert J. W. van Leeuwen ,
Dirk J. Beets ,
J.H. Aleid Bosch ,
Adri W. Burger ,
Piet Cleveringa ,
Dick van Harten ,
G.F. Waldemar Herngreen ,
Rink W. Kruk ,
Cor G. Langereis  and
Tom Meijer
...Show all authors
Robert J. W. van Leeuwen*
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Dirk J. Beets
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
J.H. Aleid Bosch
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 511, NL 8000 AM ZWOLLE, the Netherlands
Adri W. Burger
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Piet Cleveringa
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Dick van Harten
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1085, NL 1081 HV AMSTERDAM, the Netherlands
G.F. Waldemar Herngreen
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Rink W. Kruk
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Free University, De Boelelaan 1085, NL 1081 HV AMSTERDAM, the Netherlands
Cor G. Langereis
Affiliation:
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80021, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Tom Meijer
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Ronald Pouwer
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
Hein de Wolf
Affiliation:
Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO – National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, NL 3508 TA UTRECHT, the Netherlands
*
1e-mail: r.vanleeuwen@nitg.tno.nl
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Abstract

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The Amsterdam glacial basin was a major sedimentary sink from late Saalian until late Eemian (Picea zone, E6) times. The basin’s exemplary record makes it a potential reference area for the last interglacial stage. The cored Amsterdam-Terminal borehole was drilled in 1997 to provide a record throughout the Eemian interglacial. Integrated facies analysis has resulted in a detailed reconstruction of the sedimentary history.

After the Saalian ice mass had disappeared from the area, a large, deep lake had come into being, fed by the Rhine river. At the end of the glacial, the lake became smaller because it was cut off from the river-water supply, and eventually only a number of shallow pools remained in the Amsterdam basin. During the early Eemian (Betula zone, El), a seepage lake existed at the site. The lake deepened under the influence of a steadily rising sea level and finally evolved into a silled lagoon (late Quercus zone, E3). Initially, the lagoon water had fairly stable stratification, but as the sea level continued to rise the sill lost its significance, the lagoon becoming well mixed by the middle of the Corylus/Taxus zone (E4b). The phase of free exchange with the open sea ended in the early Carpinus zone (E5), when barriers developed in the sill area causing the lagoon to become stratified again. During the Late Eemian (late E5), a more dynamic system developed. The sandy barriers that had obstructed exchange with the open sea were no longer effective, and a tidally-influenced coastal lagoon formed.

The Eemian sedimentary history shown in the Amsterdam-Terminal borehole is intimately connected with the sea-level history. Because the site includes both a high-resolution pollen signal and a record of sea-level change, it has potential for correlation on various scales. Palaeomagnetic results show that the sediments predate the Blake Event, which confirms that this reversal excursion is relatively young. The U/Th age of the uppermost part of the Eemian sequence is 118.2±6.3 ka.

Keywords

diatomsdinoflagellatesEemian stageforaminiferslate Saalianmolluscsostracodspalaeoecologypalaeomagneticspollen stratigraphyradiometric ageWeichselianwestern Europe
Type
Research Article
Information
Netherlands Journal of Geosciences , Volume 79 , Issue 2-3 , August 2000 , pp. 161 - 196
Copyright
Copyright © Stichting Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 2000

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