Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-jbqgn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-19T22:10:03.804Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Synthesis of Graphite Intercalation Compounds with Donor Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 February 2011

Daniel GuÉrard  and
Vera A. Nalimova
Daniel GuÉrard
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide Minéral, URA 158, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
Vera A. Nalimova
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide Minéral, URA 158, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre Cedex, France Department of High Pressure Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow119899, Russia
Get access

Abstract

For 15 years, the chemistry of the intercalation of donors species into graphite has beenlargely developed and a great number of new phases were discovered : over 100 if one takes into account the various stages and stacking, which involves different properties of the compounds for a given intercalate. Four new systems and synthesis methods were developed : intercalation of metallic alloys containing an alkali metal, ionic species (alkali metal hydrides, hydroxides and, even chlorides), alkali metals with oxygen (by addition to the metal of a small quantity of its peroxide M2O2), intercalation under high pressure of the alkali metal. Those new syntheses, still in progress, lead to compounds in which the first stages exhibit a fairly high intercalate/carbon ratio : from LiC2 to MC4 (M = Na, K, Rb or Cs) instead of LiC6 or MC8 obtained by classical methods.

The increase of this ratio confers them interesting properties and possibilities of application, especially in the field of new materials for primary or secondary batteries.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 369: Symposium U – Solid State Ionics IV , 1994 , 155
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 - Fredenhagen, K. and Cadenbach, G., Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 158 (1926) 249 Google Scholar
2 - Asher, R.C. and Wilson, S.A., Nature, London (1958) 181 Google Scholar
3 - Métrot, A. and Hérold, A., Acad, C. R.. Sc. Paris 264C (1967) 883 Google Scholar
4 - Juza, R. and Wehle, V., Natw. 52 (1965) 560 Google Scholar
5 - Bagouin, M., Guérard, D. and Hérold, A., Acad, C. R.. Sc. Paris 262C (1966) 571 Google Scholar
6 - Métrot, A., Guérard, D., Billaud, D. and Hérold, A., Synth. Met. 1-4 (1980) 363 Google Scholar
7 - Makrini, M. El, Lagrange, P., Guérard, D. and Hérold, A., Carbon 1a (1980) 211 Google Scholar
8 - Makrini, M. El, Lagrange, P. and Hérold, A., Carbon 18(1980) 374 Google Scholar
9 - Lagrange, P., Bendriss-Rerhrhaye, A., Marêché, J.F. and McRae, E., Synth. Met. 12 (1985) 201 Google Scholar
10 - Essaddek, A., Assouik, J. and Lagrange, P., J. Mat. Res. 4 (1989) 244 Google Scholar
11 - Assouik, J. and Lagrange, P., Carbon 28 (1990) 910 Google Scholar
12 - Guérard, D., Elalem, N.E., Takoudjou, C. and Rousseaux, F., Synth. Met. 12 (1985) 195 Google Scholar
13 - Guérard, D., Takoudjou, C. and Rousseaux, F., Synth. Met. 7 (1983) 43 Google Scholar
14 - Guérard, D., Elalem, N.E., Elansari, L., Marêché, J.F., McRae, E., Estrade-Szwarckopf, H., Rousseau, B., Lauginie, P. and Conard, J., Z. Phys. Chem. N. F. 164 (1989) 1579 Google Scholar
15 - Semenenko, K.N., Avdeev, V.V. and Dokl, V.Z. Mordkovich. AN SSSR C (1983) 1402, in Russian ; and V.V. Avdeev, V.A. Nalimova and K.N. Semenenko, High Pressure Research 6 (1990) 11Google Scholar
16 - Belash, I.T., Bronnikov, A.D., Zharikov, O.V. and Pal'nichenko, A.V., Sol. St. Com. 64 (1987) 1445 Google Scholar
17 - Avdeev, V.V., Nalimova, V.A. and Semenenko, K.N., Synth. Met. 32 (1990) 363 Google Scholar
18 - Nalimova, V.A., Chepurko, S.N., Avdeev, V.V. and Semenenko, K.N., Synth. Met. 40 (1991) 267 Google Scholar
19 - Hérold, A., Lelaurain, M. and Marêché, J.F., Acad, C. R.. Sc. Paris 312 II (1991) 361 Google Scholar
20 - Hérold, A., Lelaurain, M. and Marêché, J.F., Proc. Carbon'92 Essen 571Google Scholar
21 - Hérold, A., Lelaurain, M., McRae, E. and Marêché, J.F., Mat. Sc. For. 91-92 (1992) 89 Google Scholar
22 - Gadi, M. El, Hérold, C. and Lagrange, P., Acad, C. R.. Sc. Paris 316 11 (1993) 763 Google Scholar
23 - Sklovsky, D., Hérold, C., Lagrange, P., Nalimova, V. and Guérard, D., to appear in CarbonGoogle Scholar
24 - Sklovsky, D.E., Lagrange, P., Hérold, C., Nalimova, V.A., Gudrard, D. and Semenenko, K.N., to appear in Dokl. ANGoogle Scholar
25 - Lagrange, P. and Setton, R., Graphite Intercalation Compounds I, Springer Series in Mat. Sc., Ed. Solin, S.A. and Zabel, H., Springer publ. (1990) 283 Google Scholar
26 - Lagrange, P., Chemical Physics of Intercalation II, Plenum Press Ed., New York and London (1993) 303 Google Scholar
27 - Guérard, D. and Lagrange, P. NATO ASI Series 172B (1988) 205 Google Scholar
28 - Guérard, D. and Elansari, L., Eur. J. Sol. St. Inorg. Chem. 29. (1993) 39 Google Scholar
29 - Guérard, D., Elalem, N.E., Hadigui, S. El, Elansari, L., Rousseaux, F., Estrade-Szwarckopf, H. Conard, J. and Lauginie, P., J. Less Com. Met. 131 (1987) 17330 Google Scholar
30 - Guérard, D. and Nalimova, V.A., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 244-245 (1994) 263 Google Scholar
31 - Nalimova, V.A., Bondarenko, G.N., Kofman, V.L., Avdeev, V.V. and Semenenko, K.N., Carb. Conf. Santa Barbara (1991) 684 Google Scholar
32 - Gall, N.R., Mikailov, S.N., Rut'kov, E.V., Tontegode, A.Ya., Nalimova, V.A. and Avdeev, V.V., Auger An. El. Str. Conf. Lund, Sweden (1991)Google Scholar
33 - Conard, J., Nalimova, V.A. and Guérard, D., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 244-245 (1994) 427 Google Scholar
34 - Yazami, R., Cherigui, A., Nalimova, V.A. and Guérard, D., Proc. 2nd Meeting Electroch. Soc. Toronto (1992)Google Scholar
35 - Nalimova, V.A., Conard, J., Guérard, D., Bondarenko, G.N., Semenenko, K.N. and Avdeev, V.V., GFECI, Bierville (1992) 32 Google Scholar
36 - Guérard, D., Takoudjou, C., Elalem, N.E. and Elansari, L., Mat. Sc. For. 91 (1992) 85 Google Scholar
37 - Guérard, D., NATO ASI Series, Cond. Syst. of Low Dimensionality 69 (1990) 695.Google Scholar