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Surface Energy Compatibilites of Cellulose and Polypropylene

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 February 2011

Daniel T. Quillin ,
Daniel F. Caulfield  and
James A. Koutsky
Daniel T. Quillin
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706
Daniel F. Caulfield
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705
James A. Koutsky
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706
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Abstract

In addition to its use in recycled paper products, recovered lignocellulosic fiber can be used as a reinforcement filler in composites with polyolefins. However, problems in both processing and product performance are often caused by the incompatibilities of surface energies between hydrophilic cellulose and non-polar polyolefin. This poor match in surface polarities is detrimental to strong adhesive bonding between olefin and cellulose. This work examines the effect of surface energy on the adhesion properties of polypropylene and cellulose. In particular, three materials accepted as paper-sizing agents were used to change the cellulosic fiber's surface energy to make it more compatible withthe surface energy of polypropylene.

Cellulose fibers were treated by various methods with (1) alkyl ketene dimer, (2) alkenyl succinic anhydride, and (3) stearic acid and were characterized by their surface energies as determined by single fiber wettability measurements using the Wilhelmy technique. These measurements are discussed in detail. Results from these measurments can be related to differences in adhesion between treated cellulose and polypropylene, which can be measured by internal bond tests on hot-pressed composite sheets.

Results indicate that the use of sizing agents reduces the acid/base (hydrogen bonding) character of the cellulose surface. Interactions involving hydrogen bonding are important in cellulose/modified-polypropylene composites. Reduction of these interactions appears to lead to a corresponding reduction in adhesion between cellulose and polypropylene.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 266: Symposium LA – Materials Interactions Relevant to Recycling of Wood-Based Materials , 1992 , 113
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1992

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