Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-19T10:18:51.455Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sol-Gel Derived Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Silicon Oxide Composite Materials and Novel Fabrication Technique for Channel Waveguide

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

Makoto Yoshida  and
Paras N. Prasad
Makoto Yoshida
Affiliation:
State University of New York at Buffalo, Photonics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 427 NSM Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000
Paras N. Prasad
Affiliation:
State University of New York at Buffalo, Photonics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, 427 NSM Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000
Get access

Abstract

Sol-gel derived composite materials of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), SiO2 and TiO2 were studied to achieve low optical propagation loss and high thermal stability in slab waveguides. PVP is a thermally crosslinkable polymer. However, the thermal crosslinking and thermal decomposition take place around the same temperature, 200 °C, resulting in high optical propagation loss. The incorporation of sol-gel processed SiO2 prevents thermal decomposition of PVP and produces remarkably low optical propagation loss even after being baked at 230 °C. We have achieved 0.2 dB/cm optical propagation loss at 633 nm. Furthermore, little index change was observed at 110 °C for 1,000 hours after initial slight increase. Impregnation of sol-gel processed TiO2 into the PVP/SiO2 system was also studied to increase refractive index. A broad manipulation of refractive index, from 1.49 to 1.65, with an optical propagation loss of less than 0.6 dB/cm at 633 nm was accomplished by a careful selection of Ti alkoxide and optimized reaction conditions. PVP/SiO2 slab waveguides were then used to fabricate channel waveguides by using a laser densification technique utilizing metal lines as light absorbent and an Ar laser. An optical propagation loss of 0.9 dB/cm was achieved at 633 nm.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 392: Symposium U – Thin Films for Integrated Optics Applications , 1995 , 103
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Zieba, J., Zhang, Y., Prasad, P. N., Casstevens, M. K., and Burzynski, R., SPIE proc. 1758, 403 (1992)Google Scholar
2. Shamrakov, D., Reisfeld, R., Chem. Phys. Lett., 213, 47 (1993)Google Scholar
4. Nandi, M., Conklin, J. A., Salvati, L. Jr, Sen, A., Chem. Mater., 3, 201 (1991)Google Scholar
5. Morikawa, A., Iyoku, Y., Kakimoto, M., Imai, Y., J. Mater. Chem., 2, 679 (1992)Google Scholar
6. Motakef, S., Boulton, J. M., and Uhlmann, D. R., Opt. Lett., 19, 1125 (1994)Google Scholar
7. Morita, K., Hu, Y., Mackenzie, J., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc., 27, 693 (1992)Google Scholar
8. Wolter, H., Glaubitt, W., Rose, K., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc., 27, 719 (1992)Google Scholar
9. Rose, K., Wolter, H., Glaubitt, W., Mat. Res. Soc. Proc., 27, 731 (1992)Google Scholar
10. Fabes, B. D., Taylor, D. J., Weisenbach, L., Stuppi, M. M., Klein, D. L., Raymond, L. J., Zelinski, B. J. J., Birnie, D. P. III, SPIE Proc., 1328, 319 (1990)Google Scholar
11. Klein, L. C., “Sol-gel technology for thin films, fibers, preforms, electronics and specialty shapes” (Noyes Pub. New Jersey, 1988)Google Scholar
12. Brinker, C. J., Scherer, G. W., “Sol-gel science” (Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, 1990)Google Scholar
13. Nishihara, H., Haruna, M., and Suhara, T., “Optical integrated Circuits” (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1989) Chap. 8Google Scholar
14. Weisenbach, L., Davis, T. L., Zelinski, B. J. J., Roncone, R. L., Weller-Brophy, L. A., Mat. Res, Soc. Proc., 180, 377 (1990)Google Scholar
15. Doeuff, S., Henry, M., Sanchez, C., Mat. Res. Bull., 25, 1519 (1990)Google Scholar