Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-r7xzm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T02:05:00.932Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Repassivation Potential of Alloy 22 in Chloride plus Nitrate Solutions using the Potentiodynamic-Galvanostatic-Potentiostatic Method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2011

Kenneth J. Evans
Affiliation:
evans55@llnl.gov, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, United States
Raul B. Rebak
Affiliation:
rebak1@llnl.gov, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Chemistry and Materials Science, 7000 East Ave, L-631, Livermore, CA, 94550, United States
Get access

Abstract

In general, the susceptibility of Alloy 22 to suffer crevice corrosion is measured using the Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization (CPP) technique. This is a fast technique that gives rather accurate and reproducible values of repassivation potential (ER1) in most cases. In the fringes of susceptibility, when the environment is not highly aggressive, the values of repassivation potential using the CPP technique may not be highly reproducible, especially because the technique is fast and because transpassive corrosion may influence or mask the nucleation and propagation of crevice corrosion. To circumvent this, the repassivation potential of Alloy 22 was measured using a slower method that combines Potentiodynamic-Galvanostatic-Potentiostatic steps (called here the Tsujikawa-Hisamatsu Electrochemical or THE method). The THE method applies the charge to the specimen in a more controlled way, which may give more reproducible repassivation potential values, especially when the environment is not aggressive. The values of repassivation potential of Alloy 22 in sodium chloride plus potassium nitrate solutions were measured using the THE and CPP methods. Results show that both methods yield similar values of repassivation potential, especially under aggressive conditions.

Keywords

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. ASTM International, Standard B575, Vol. 02.04 (ASTM, 2002: West Conshohocken, PA).Google Scholar
2. Haynes International, “Hastelloy C-22 Alloy”, Brochure H-2019E (Haynes International, 1997: Kokomo, IN).Google Scholar
3. Rebak, R. B. in Corrosion and Environmental Degradation, Volume II, p. 69, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany (2000).Google Scholar
4. Rebak, R. B. and Crook, P., “Nickel Alloys for Corrosive Environments,Advanced Mater. & Proc., 157, 37, 2000.Google Scholar
5. Rebak, R. B. and Crook, P., “Influence of the Environment on the General Corrosion Rate of Alloy 22,” PVP-Vol. 483 pp. 131136 (ASME, 2004: New York, NY).Google Scholar
6. Rebak, R. B. and Payer, Joe H., “Passive Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22,”ANS Conf. International High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas 30Apr-04May 2006.Google Scholar
7. Rebak, R. B. and Crook, P., “Improved Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Nickel and Cobalt Based Alloys,” ECPV 98–17, pp. 289302 (The Electrochemical Society, 1999: Pennington York, NJ).Google Scholar
8. Kehler, B. A., Ilevbare, G. O. and Scully, J. R., Corrosion, 1042 (2001).Google Scholar
9. Evans, K. J. and Rebak, R. B. in Corrosion Science – A Retrospective and Current Status in Honor of Robert P. Frankenthal, PV 2002–13, p. 344354 (The Electrochemical Society, 2002: Pennington, NJ).Google Scholar
10. Evans, K. J., Day, S. D., Ilevbare, G. O., Whalen, M. T., King, K. J., Hust, G. A., Wong, L. L., Estill, J. C. and Rebak, R. B., “Anodic Behavior of Alloy 22 in Calcium Chloride and in Calcium Chloride plus Calcium Nitrate Brines,” in PVP-Vol. 467, Transportation, Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Materials ñ 2003, p. 55 (ASME, 2003: New York, NY).Google Scholar
11. Pan, Y-M., Dunn, D. S. and Cragnolino, G. A., “Effect of Environmental Factors and Potential on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys in Chloride Solutions,” in Environmentally Assisted Cracking: Predictive Methods for Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Materials, Equipment and Structures, STP 1401, pp. 273288 (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM 2000).Google Scholar
12. Rebak, R. B. “Environmentally Assisted Cracking in the Chemical Process Industry. Stress Corrosion Cracking of Iron, Nickel and Cobalt Based Alloys in Chloride and wet HF Services,” in Environmentally Assisted Cracking: Predictive Methods for Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Materials, Equipment and Structures, STP 1401, pp. 289300 (West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM 2000).Google Scholar
13. Brossia, C. S., Browning, L., Dunn, D. S., Moghissi, O. C., Pensado, O. and Yang, L., “Effect of Environment on the Corrosion of Waste Package and Drip Shield Materials,” Publication of the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (CNWRA 2001–03), September 2001.Google Scholar
14. Dunn, D. S., Yang, L., Pan, Y.-M. and Cragnolino, G. A., “Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 22,” Paper 03697 (NACE International, 2003: Houston, TX).Google Scholar
15. Evans, K. J., Yilmaz, A., Day, S. D., Wong, L. L., Estill, J. C. and Rebak, R. B., “Comparison of Electrochemical Methods to Determine Crevice Corrosion Repassivation Potential of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions,” JOM, p. 56, January 2005.Google Scholar
16. Cragnolino, G. A., Dunn, D. S. and Pan, Y.-M., “Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 22 as a Waste Package Container Material,” in Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Vol.713 (Materials Research Society 2002: Warrendale, PA).Google Scholar
17. Dunn, D. S. and Brossia, C. S., “Assessment of Passive and Localized Corrosion Processes for Alloy 22 as a High-Level Nuclear Waste Container Material,” Paper 02548 (NACE International, 2002: Houston, TX).Google Scholar
18. Lee, J. H., Summers, T. and Rebak, R. B., “A Performance Assessment Model for Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 22 in Chloride Containing Brines for High Level Nuclear Waste Disposal Container,” Paper 04692 (NACE International, 2004: Houston, TX).Google Scholar
19. Dunn, D. S., Yang, L., Wu, C. and Cragnolino, G. A., “Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 22 as a Waste Package Container Material,” in Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXV, Vol.713, p. 53 (Materials Research Society 2002: Warrendale, PA).Google Scholar
20. Dunn, D. S., Pan, Y.-M., Yang, L. and Cragnolino, G. A and He, X., “Localized Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Alloy 22 Waste Package Outer Containers” JOM, January 2005, pp 4955.Google Scholar
21. Rebak, R. B., “Factors Affecting the Crevice Corrosion Susceptibility of Alloy 22,” Paper 05610, Corrosion/2005 (NACE International, 2005: Houston, TX).Google Scholar
22. Dunn, D. S., Y.–Pan, M., Yang, L. and Cragnolino, G. A, Corrosion, 61, 11, 1076, 2005.Google Scholar
23. Ilevbare, G. O., King, K. J., Gordon, S. R., Elayat, H. A., Gdowski, G. E. and Gdowski, T. S. E., Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152, 12, B547-B554, 2005.Google Scholar
24. Dunn, D. S., Pan, Y.-M., Yang, L. and Cragnolino, G. A., Corrosion, 61, 1078 (2005).Google Scholar
25. Dunn, D. S., Pan, Y.-M., Yang, L. and Cragnolino, G. A., Corrosion, 62, 3 (2006).Google Scholar
26. Ilevbare, G. O., Corrosion, 62, 340 (2006).Google Scholar
27. Carranza, R. M., Rodriguez, M. A. and Rebak, R. B., “Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions,” Paper 06622, Corrosion/2006, NACE International, March 12–16, 2006, San Diego, CA (NACE International, Houston, TX).Google Scholar
28. Rebak, R. B., “Mechanisms of Inhibition of Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22,” in proceedings of Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management XXX, (MRS, 2006: Warrendale, PA).Google Scholar
29. ASTM International, Volume 03.02 “Wear and Erosion; Metal Corrosion” (ASTM International, 2003: West Conshohocken, PA).Google Scholar
30. Evans, K. J., Wong, L. L. and Rebak, R. B. “Determination of the Crevice Repassivation Potential of Alloy 22 by a Potentiodynamic–Galvanostatic-Potentiostatic Method,” PVPASME Vol.483, pp. 137149 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2004: New York, NY).Google Scholar