Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T06:17:30.053Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Nonlinear optical devices: Relative Status of Polymeric Materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2011

George I. Stegeman*
Affiliation:
Center for Research in Electro-Optics and Lasers University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32826
Get access

Abstract

Nonlinear optical phenomena have been investigated over the last three decades in many different materials and a great deal of progress has been made in both the basic science and device applications.(1] Although interest in nonlinear organic materials dates back to the early days of nonlinear optics, it is only in the last five years that progress has been sustained and rapid. The purpose of this paper is to examine progress in developing new nonlinear organic materials and in their application to devices for comparison with current state-of-the-art devices using other material systems.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. see for example: Shen, Y.R. Principles of Nonlinear Optics, (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1984)Google Scholar
2. Risk, W.P., Optics and Photonics News, 1(5), 10 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Tien, P.K., Ulrich, R. and Martin, R.J., Appl. Phys. Lett., 17, 447 (1970); T. Tanuichi and K. Yamamoto, Oyo Buturi, 5, 1637 (1987)Google Scholar
4. Lim, E.J., Fejer, M.M. and Byer, R.L., Electron. Lett., 25, 174 (1989); J. Webjorn, F. Laurell and G. Arvidsson, IEEE J. Lightwave Techn., 7, 1597 (1989)Google Scholar
5. Ledoux, I., Josse, D., Vidakovic, P. and Zyss, J., Opt. Engin., 25, 202 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Bierlein, J.D., Cheng, L.K., Wang, Y. and Tam, W., Appl. Phys. Lett., 56, 423 (1990).Google Scholar
7. Levine, B.F., Bethea, C.G., Thurmond, C.D., Lunch, R.T. and Bernstein, J.L., J. Appl. Phys., 50, 2523 (1979).Google Scholar
8. Uemiya, T., Uenishi, U., Shimizu, Y., Okamoto, S., Chikuma, K., Tohma, T. and Umegaki, S., SPIE Proceedings, 1148, 207 (1989)Google Scholar
9. Rikken, G.L.J.A., Seppen, C.J.E., Nijhuis, S. and Meijer, E.W., Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, 435, (1991)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Norwood, R.A. and Khanarian, G., Electronics Letters, Vol.26, p. 2105 (1990)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Cao, X.F., Yu, L.P. and Dalton, L.R., Technical Digest of the 1990 Optical Society of America annual meeting, paper ThE3, pp 165 (1990).Google Scholar
12. for example, Mohlmann, G.R., Horsthuis, W.G.H., van der Vorst, C.P.J.M., Donach, A.M., Copeland, M., Duchet, C., Fabre, P., Diemeer, M.B.J., Trommel, E.S., Suyten, F.M.M., Daele, P.V., Tomme, E.V. and Baets, R., Proc. SPIE 1147, 245 (1989)Google Scholar
13. Blau, W., Opt. Commun., 64, 85 (1987).Google Scholar
14. Wu, J.W., Helfin, J.R., Norwood, R.A., Wong, K.Y., Zamani-Kamiri, O. and Garito, A.F., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 4, 707 (1989)Google Scholar
15. Harvey, T.G., Ji, W., Kar, A.K., Wherrett, B.S., Bloor, D. and Norman, P., Technical Digest of the 1990 CLEO meeting, paper CTUH67, page 146Google Scholar
16. Williams, V.S., Ho, Z.Z., Peyghambarian, N., Gibbons, W.M., Grasso, R.P., O'Brien, M.K., Shannon, P.J. and Sun, S.T., Appl. Phys. Lett., 57, 2399 (1990)Google Scholar
17. Marques, M.B., Assanto, G., Stegeman, G.I., Mohlmann, G.R., Erdhuisen, E.W.P. and Horsthuis, W.H.G., “Large, Nonresonant, Intensity-Dependent Refractive Index of DANS Side Chain Polymers in Waveguides”, Appl. Phys. Lett., in pressGoogle Scholar
18. Burzynski, R., Banhu, P., Prasad, P., Zanoni, R. and Stegeman, G.I., Appl. Phys. Lett., 53, 2011 (1988).Google Scholar
19. Townsend, P.D., Jackel, J.L., Baker, G.L., Shelbourne, J.A. III, Etemad, S., Appl. Phys. Lett., 55, 1829 (1989).Google Scholar
20. Coulter, D.R., Miskowski, V.M., Perry, J.W., Wei, T.-H., Van Stryland, E.W. and Hagan, D.J., Proceedings of SPIE Meeting on Materials for Optical Switches, Isolators and Limiters, SPIE 1105, 42 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Sauteret, C., Hermann, J.-P., Frey, R., Pradere, F., Ducuing, J., Baughman, R.H. and Chance, R.R., Phys. Rev. Lett., 128, 606, (1976)Google Scholar
22. Cojan, C., Agarwal, G.P. and Flytzanis, C., Phys. Rev. B, 15, 909 (1977); 17, 776 (1978).Google Scholar
23. Peyghambarian, N. and Koch, S.W., in Nonlinear Photonics, ed. by Gibbs, H.M., Khitrova, G. and Peyghamberian, N., (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990), chapter 2Google Scholar
24. Rochford, K.B., Zanoni, R., Gong, Q., Torruellas, W.E. and Stegeman, G.I., SPIE 1147, 279 (1989); Y. Shi, W.H. Steier, L. Yu, M. Chen and L.R. Dalton, Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, 1131 (1991); D.Y. Zang, Y.Q. Shi, F.F. So, S.R. Forrest and W.H. Steier, Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, 562 (1991)Google Scholar
25. Kerkoc, P., Brossard, Ch., Arend, H. and Gunter, P., Appl. Phys. Lett., 54, 487 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Sohn, J.E., Singer, K.D., Kuzyk, M.G., Holland, W.R., Katz, H.E., Dirk, C.W., Schilling, M.L. and Comizzoli, R.B., Proceedings of NATO Advanced Research Workshops on Nonlinear Optical Effects in Organic Polymers, Series E: Applied Sciences, (Kluwer Acad. Pub., London, 1989), 291–7.Google Scholar
27. Decher, G., Tieke, B., Brossard, Ch. and Gunter, P., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1988, 933 (1988).Google Scholar
28. Boyd, G.D., Miller, R.C., Nassau, K., Bond, W.L. and Savage, A., Appl. Phys. Lett., 5, 234 (1964).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Chen, C.-T. and Liu, G.-Z., Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., 16, 203 (1986)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Zumsteg, F.C., Bierlein, J.D. and Gier, T.E., J. Appl. Phys., 43, 4980 (1976).Google Scholar
31. Stegeman, G.I. and Seaton, C.T., Applied Physics Reviews (J. Appl. Physics), 58, R57 (1985)Google Scholar
32. Suhara, T. and Nishihara, H., IEEE J. Quant. Electron., QE–26, 1265 (1990).Google Scholar
33. Bierlein, J.D., Digest of the 1991 Integrated Photonics Research Meeting, Opt. Soc. Am., Washington, 1991), paper ThClGoogle Scholar
34. Ch. Brossard, Flosheimer, M., Kupfer, M. and Gunter, P., Opt. Comm., in pressGoogle Scholar
35. Chang, T.Y., Opt. Engin., 20, 220 (1981)Google Scholar
36. Zhou, Q.L., Heflin, J.R., Wong, K.Y., Zamani-Khamiri, O. and Garito, A.F., Phys. Rev. A Rapid Comm., A3, 1673 (1991).Google Scholar
37 Lam, J.F., Forrest, S.R. and Tangonan, G.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 66, 1614 (1991)Google Scholar
38. Assanto, G., Fortenberry, R.M., Seaton, C.T. and Stegeman, G.I., JOSA B, 5, 432 (1988)Google Scholar
39. Stegeman, G.I. and Wright, E.M., J.Optical and Quant. Electron., 22, 95 (1990)Google Scholar
40. Krol, D.M. and Thakur, M., Appl. Phys. Lett., 56, 1406, (1990).Google Scholar
41. Ho, S.T., Thakur, M. and Laporta, A., IQEC Digest, paper QTUB 5, 40 (1990).Google Scholar
42. Rochford, K.B., Zanoni, R., Stegeman, G.I., Krug, W., Miao, E. and Beranek, M.W., Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, 13 (1991).Google Scholar
43. Sasaki, K., Fujii, K., Tomioka, T. and Kinoshita, T., J. Opt. Soc. Am., 5, 457 (1988).Google Scholar
44. Torruellas, W.E., Rochford, K.B., Zanoni, R. and Stegeman, G.I., Opt. Comm., 82, 94 (1991).Google Scholar
45. Sohler, W. and Suche, H., in Integrated Optics III, Hutcheson, L.D. and Hall, D.G., eds, Proc. SPIE, 408, 163 (1983).Google Scholar
46. Ishigame, Y., Suhara, T. and Nishihara, N., Opt. Lett., 16, 375, (1991)Google Scholar
47. Spitzer, R.C., Swanson, D., Hansen, G., Aron, K., Sounik, J., Norwood, R., De Martino, R. and Stamatoff, J., Digest of the 1991 CLEO Meeting in Baltimore (OSA, Washington, 1991), paper CTuW4Google Scholar