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Learning From Biological Systems: Novel Routes to Biomimetic Synthesis of Ordered Silica Structures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

Jennifer N. Chal ,
Katsuhiko Shimizu ,
Yan Zhou ,
Sean C. Christiansen ,
Bradley F. Chmelka ,
Timothy J. Deming ,
Galen D. Stucky  and
Daniel E. Morse
Jennifer N. Chal
Affiliation:
Dept. of Chemistry; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
Katsuhiko Shimizu
Affiliation:
Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
Yan Zhou
Affiliation:
Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
Sean C. Christiansen
Affiliation:
Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
Bradley F. Chmelka
Affiliation:
Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 Materials Research Laboratory, University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
Timothy J. Deming
Affiliation:
Dept. of Chemistry; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 Dept. of Materials; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 Materials Research Laboratory, University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
Galen D. Stucky
Affiliation:
Dept. of Chemistry; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 Dept. of Materials; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 Materials Research Laboratory, University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
Daniel E. Morse
Affiliation:
Dept. of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology; University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106 Materials Research Laboratory, University of CA, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106
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Abstract

Biological systems have evolved mechanisms that precisely control inorganic structures on both the micro- and nanoscale, operating at ambient pressures and temperatures. In both the calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and silicon dioxide utilizing organisms, proteins and polysaccharides have been found to play integral roles in the organization of these biominerals[1–3]. The organic constituents generally have been thought to act as direct templates or modulators for the deposition of the particular mineral. We have explored the synthesis and structural control of silica by the marine sponge, Tethya aurantia. Needles of amorphous silica comprise the skeletal system of this organism, representing 75% of the dry weight of the organism. These glassy needles, called spicules, are 2 mm in length and 30 μn in width[4,5]. We have characterized the structure, genetics and functions of the proteins that form an occluded axial filament within each silica spicule. Based on our discovery, a unique structure-directing catalytic mechanism exhibited by these protein filaments, and the structural determinants responsible for the catalytic activity, we have designed novel block copolypeptides that catalyze and spatially direct he condensation of silicon alkoxides to form organized silica structures ranging from transparent spheres to lath-like structures at ambient pressure, low temperature and neutral pH.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 599: Symposium DD – Mineralization in Natural & Synthetic Biomaterials , 1999 , 239
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

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