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Infrared Emission Properties of Ho Doped KPb2Cl5

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Uwe Hömmerich ,
Olusola Oyebola ,
Ei Brown ,
Sudhir B. Trivedi ,
Althea G. Bluiett  and
John M. Zavada
Uwe Hömmerich
Affiliation:
uwe.hommerich@hamptonu.edu, Hampton University, Department of Physics, Hampton, Virginia, United States
Olusola Oyebola
Affiliation:
olusola.oyebola@hamptonu.edu, Hampton University, Department of Physics, Hampton, Virginia, United States
Ei Brown
Affiliation:
eiei.nyein@hamptonu.edueinyein@gmail.com, Hampton University, Department of Physics, Hampton, Virginia, United States
Sudhir B. Trivedi
Affiliation:
strivedi@brimrose.com, Brimrose Corporation, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Althea G. Bluiett
Affiliation:
agbluiett@yahoo.com, Elizabeth City State University, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Elizabeth City, North Carolina, United States
John M. Zavada
Affiliation:
zavada@ncsu.edu, North Carolina State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
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Abstract

We report on the optical properties of Ho doped KPb2Cl5 (Ho: KPC) for potential applications as an infrared (IR) solid-state gain medium. The investigated crystal was synthesized from commercial starting materials of PbCl2, KCl, and HoCl3 followed by several purification steps including directional freezing, zone-refinement, and chlorination. The Ho: KPC crystal was subsequently grown by Bridgman technique. Following optical excitation at 885 nm, several IR emission bands were observed at room-temperature with average wavelengths at 1.07, 1.18, 1.35, 1.65, 2.00, 2.94, and 3.96 μm. The emission at 3.96 μm originated from the 5I5 -> 5I6 transitions of Ho3+ and was further evaluated for possible applications in mid-IR lasers. The decay time of the 5I5 excited state was measured to be 5.0 ms at room-temperature. The long 5I5 lifetime is favorable for laser applications and indicates that non-radiative multi-phonon relaxations are small in Ho: KPC. Based on a Judd-Ofelt analysis, the emission quantum efficiency was determined to be near unity resulting in a peak emission cross-section of 0.62×10-20 cm2 at 3.96 μm. A drawback for laser applications is the long decay time of the lower 5I6 state with a value of 4.8 ms . Since the 3.96 μm transition terminates in the 5I6 level, its long lifetime will lead to population bottlenecking, which limits possible mid-IR lasing to pulsed and quasi-cw operation.

Keywords

laserluminescencecrystal growth
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1111: Symposium D – Rare-Earth Doping of Advanced Materials for Photonic Applications , 2008 , 1111-D07-05
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2009

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