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Energetics of Bcc-Fcc Lattice Deformation in Iron

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2011

Genrich L Krasko  and
G. B. Olson
Genrich L Krasko
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA 02139
G. B. Olson
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA 02139
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Abstract

The lattice deformation of the BCC-FCC martensitic transformation in iron can be described as a continuous change of the c/a parameter of the body-centered tetragonal (BCT) lattice from c/a=1 (BCC) to c/a=√2 (FCC). Along this deformation path, the total energy (as a function of volume), the enthalpy (as a function of pressure), the pressure-volume relations--both for nonmagnetic (NM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states--were calculated using the ab initio LMTO method. The ground-state magnetic properties: ferromagnetic contributions to the total energy and magnetic moments, were found by making use of the Stoner theory of itinerant ferromagnetism, rather than spin-polarized calculations. This circumvents the difficulties of using the traditional local spin-density approximation which failes to describe correctly the energetics of iron phases. The Stoner exchange parameter, I, was calculated from the linear response theory for each c/a as a function of volume. Then a constant enhancement factor, β, was introduced and the new Stoner parameter, βl, as used in all the calculations. The factor β was found by fitting the equilibrium atomic volume of the FM BCC phase to its experimental value. No other adjustments of any quantities were performed. The calculations revealed a somewhat unusual behavior of enthalpy along the deformation path. Instead of a double-well curve with a barrier maximum somewhere at 1 < c/a < √2, the enthalpy of the NM phase exhibits a monotonic decrease with c/a, the BCC modification being unstable with respect to the shear deformation. Moreover, up to a certain c/a (depending on pressure), the nonmagnetic BCT phase is also unstable with respect to spontaneous magnetization. Ferromagnetism stabilizes the BCT phases. However, the FM FCC phase is unstable with respect to shear deformation. The enthalpy curve along the deformation path then has a cusp corresponding to a first-order phase transition between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic states accompanied by an appreciable volume discontinuity. The bulk modulus, the magnetic moments and the BCC-FCC enthalpy differences are in good agreement with the available experimental data.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 141: Symposium T – Atomic Scale Calculations in Materials Science , 1988 , 135
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1989

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