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Kalithallite, K3Tl3+Cl6⋅2H2O, a new mineral with trivalent thallium from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 November 2022

Igor V. Pekov ,
Maria G. Krzhizhanovskaya Open the ORCID record for Maria G. Krzhizhanovskaya [Opens in a new window] ,
Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt ,
Dmitry I. Belakovskiy ,
Evgeny G. Sidorov  and
Pavel S. Zhegunov
Igor V. Pekov*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Maria G. Krzhizhanovskaya
Affiliation:
Department of Crystallography, St Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt
Affiliation:
Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
Dmitry I. Belakovskiy
Affiliation:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 18-2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Evgeny G. Sidorov
Affiliation:
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Bulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
Pavel S. Zhegunov
Affiliation:
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip Bulevard 9, 683006 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
*
*Author for correspondence: Igor V. Pekov, Email: igorpekov@mail.ru
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Abstract

A new mineral kalithallite, K3Tl3+Cl6⋅2H2O, was found in an active fumarole belonging to the Northern fumarole field at the First scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Kalithallite is a product of the relatively low-temperature (70–150°C) interactions involving high-temperature sublimate minerals, volcanic gas and atmospheric water vapour. The associated minerals are cryobostryxite, KZnCl3⋅2H2O, halite, sylvite, opal and gypsum. Kalithallite forms lamellar to tabular crystals up to 5 × 30 × 40 μm combined in open-work aggregates up to 1 mm across. It is transparent, colourless in individuals and white to pale cream coloured or pale beige in aggregates, with vitreous lustre. Dcalc = 3.01 g cm–3. Kalithallite is optically uniaxial (–), ɛ = 1.656(3) and ω = 1.662(3). The chemical composition (wt.%, electron-microprobe data, H2O calculated by stoichiometry) is: K 17.72, Zn 0.85, Tl 38.76, Cl 35.91, H2Ocalc 5.99, total 99.23. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of K+Zn+Tl+Cl = 10 apfu is K2.72Zn0.06Tl1.14Cl6.08⋅2H2O. Kalithallite is tetragonal, I4/mmm, a = 15.9333(5), c = 18.1088(7) Å, V = 4595.2(4) Å3 and Z = 14. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 5.98(100)(202); 5.64(36)(220); 3.984(20)(400); 3.528(30)(224); 3.315(22)(422); 2.890(15)(334); and 2.817(24)(206, 440). Kalithallite is isotypical to synthetic K3Tl3+Cl6⋅2H2O. The crystal structure was refined from the powder XRD data using the Rietveld method, RBragg = 0.55%, Rp = 0.56%, and Rwp = 0.75%. The structure contains Tl3+Cl6 octahedra and K-centred polyhedra of three types: KCl8, KCl8(H2O) and KCl7(H2O)2. The mineral is named as a kalium–thallium ordered compound.

Keywords

kalithallitenew mineraltrivalent thalliumpotassium thallium chloridecrystal structurefumaroleTolbachik volcanoKamchatka
Type
Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 87 , Issue 2 , April 2023 , pp. 186 - 193
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

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Footnotes

†

Deceased 20 March 2021

Associate Editor: Owen Peter Missen

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