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Liver Alterations in Two Freshwater Fish Species (Carassius auratus and Danio rerio) Following Exposure to Different TiO2 Nanoparticle Concentrations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

Mário S. Diniz ,
António P. Alves de Matos ,
Joana Lourenço ,
Luísa Castro ,
Isabel Peres ,
Elsa Mendonça  and
Ana Picado
Mário S. Diniz*
Affiliation:
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
António P. Alves de Matos
Affiliation:
Anatomia Patológica, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central-HCC, Rua da Beneficência 8, 1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM/FCUL)-Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa and Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
Joana Lourenço
Affiliation:
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Luísa Castro
Affiliation:
IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa – Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente. Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Isabel Peres
Affiliation:
IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa – Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente. Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Elsa Mendonça
Affiliation:
LNEG, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
Ana Picado
Affiliation:
LNEG, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: mesd@fct.unl.pt
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Abstract

The toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TIO2 NPs) and oxidative stress effects were studied in two freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus and Danio rerio) exposed for 21 days to different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100/mgL) of TiO2 NPs and to a control (tap water). Additional fish were transferred to clean water for 14 days to assess the ability to recover from exposure to TiO2 NPs. Activities of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) (malondialdheyde) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress. Histological and ultra-structural changes in livers from bothspecies of fish were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Results show a general GST activity increase according to TiO2 NPs concentrations, which is in agreement with data from LPO. After 21 days, GST activities decreased possibly caused by suppression of GST synthesis as a result of severe stress. Histological and ultra-structural analysis of livers from exposed fish show degeneration of the hepatic tissue and alterations in hepatocytes such as glycogen depletion and an increase in lipofucsin lysosome-like granules. After a depuration period a partial recovery for biochemical markers and cells was observed. The results suggest that TiO2 promotes alterations in hepatic tissues compatible with oxidative stress.

Keywords

titanium dioxidenanoparticleshistopathologyultra-structural changesliverfish
Type
Portuguese Society for Microscopy
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 19 , Issue 5 , October 2013 , pp. 1131 - 1140
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2013 

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