After presentation of the historical background, the present structure of the Arab steel industry is described and its main characteristics discussed: insufficient domestic steel production, based on hot metal, scrap and mainly prereduced iron, high imports of semi-products, important development of the use of electric arc furnaces. Indications are then given on the rapid evolution of the steel industry in Egypt, Morroco and Saudi-Arabia, and on new, modern and larger capacity installations, in particular electric arc furnaces and rolling mills.