Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T17:57:39.449Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Criticality of metals for electrochemical energy storage systems – Development towards a technology specific indicator

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2014

B. Simon ,
S. Ziemann  and
M. Weil
B. Simon
Affiliation:
Helmholtz-Institut Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage(HIU), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany. e-mail: balint.simon@kit.edu
S. Ziemann
Affiliation:
Karlsruhe Institut of Technology (KIT), ITAS, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
M. Weil
Affiliation:
Helmholtz-Institut Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage(HIU), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany. e-mail: balint.simon@kit.edu Karlsruhe Institut of Technology (KIT), ITAS, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Get access

Abstract

The technology of electrochemical energy storage (EES) is supposed to play a key role in the near future for mobility systems characterized by electric vehicles as well as for stationary applications providing energy supply as they represent the interface between transport and energy networks. The performance of EES systems is closely linked to the applied battery materials which contain metals often considered critical. For determining criticality of metals different approaches have been used which however evaluate such materials for the economy as a whole. What has been missing up till now is the examination of critical raw materials for individual technologies.Therefore it is intended to develop a technology specific criticality indicator for battery materials.The focus of this paper is developing a method to indicate the significance of raw materials for electrochemical active materials used by lithium-ion batteries (LIB) which are currently very promising EES for mobile and stationary applications. In order to implement this at first the following three aspects were analyzed and put in relation to each other: importance of electrode materials, amount of metal in the active material and exploitable metal reserves. The combination of these factors resulted in a relevance index (RI) which allows determining the relevance of raw materials in different types of LIBs. Based on this index the development of a technology specific criticality indicator has to integrate further aspects being the focus of future work.

Keywords

Electrochemical energy storagefuture metal demandelectric mobilityelectric vehicle
Type
Research Article
Information
Metallurgical Research & Technology , Volume 111 , Issue 3: Social Value of Materials (SAM 7) , 2014 , pp. 191 - 200
Copyright
© EDP Sciences 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Goodenough, J.B., Kim, Y., J. Power Sourc. 196 (2011) 6688
Goodenough, J.B., Kim, Y., Chem. Mater. 22 (2010) 587
Vincent, C.A., Solid State Ion. 134 (2000) 159
Dunn, B., Kamath, H., Tarascon, J.-M., Science 334 (2011) 928
Piao, T., Park, S.-M., Doh, C.-H., Moon, S.-I., J. Electrochem. Soc. 146 (1999) 2794
Fergus, J.W., J. Power Sour. 195 (2010) 939
Shukla, A.K., Prem Kumar, T., Curr. Sci. 94 (2008) 314
Ziemann, S., Weil, M., Schebek, L., Resources, Conserv. Recycling 63 (2012) 26
Grosjean, C., Miranda, P.H., Perrin, M., Poggi, P., Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 16 (2012) 1735
Kesler, S.E., Gruber, P.W., Medina, P.A., Keoleian, G.A., Everson, M.P., Wallington, T.J., Ore Geol. Rev. 48 (2012) 55
W. Tahil, Meridian International Research (2006) 1
Du, X., Graedel, T.E., Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (2011) 4096
Reck, B.K., Müller, D.B., Rostkowski, K., Graedel, T.E., Environ. Sci. Technol. 42 (2008) 3394
Harper, E.M., Kavlak, G., Graedel, T.E., Environ. Sci. Technol. 46 (2012) 1079
Nassar, N.T., Barr, R., Browning, M., Diao, Z., Friedlander, E., Harper, E.M., Henly, C., Kavlak, G., Kwatra, S., Jun, C., Warren, S., Yang, M.-Y., Graedel, T.E., Environ. Sci. Technol. 46 (2012) 1071
J. Häußler, S.-A. Mildner, SWP-Zeitschriftenschau (2012)
Committee on Critical Mineral Impacts of the U.S. Economy, Committee on Earth Resources, National Research Council, Minerals, Critical Minerals, and the U.S. Economy, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008
Erdmann, L., Graedel, T.E., Environ. Sci. Technol. 45 (2011) 7620
N. Morley, D. Eathrley, Material Security. Ensuring Resource Availability to the UK Economy, Oakedene Hollins; C-Tech Innovation, Chester, UK, 2008
Trend Report of Development in Materials for Substitution of Scarce Metals; (in Japanese), Shinko Research Co. Ltd. (Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting), New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Tokyo, 2009
Rohstoffsituation in Bayern: Keine Zukunft Ohne Rohstoffe: Strategien Und Handlungsoptionen, IW Consult GmbH, Köln, 2009
R.L. Moss, E. Tzimas, H. Kara, P. Willis, J. Kooroshy, Critical Metals in Strategic Energy Technologies: Assessing Rare Metals as Supply-Chain Bottlenecks in Low-Carbon Energy Technologies, European Commission Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport, 2011
S. Ziemann, S. Bálint, W. Marcel, in:, Ulm Electrochemical Talks, Advanced Technologies for E-Mobility and Energy Storage, Ulm, Germany, 2012
P.P. Prosini, Iron Phosphate Materials as Cathodes for Lithium Batteries: The Use of Environmentally Friendly Iron in Lithium Batteries, Springer, 2011
M.M. Doeff, in: Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 2011
C.K. Dyer, P.T. Moseley, Z. Ogumi, D.A.J. Rand, B. Scrosati, Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, Newnes, 2009
R. Tussupbayev, I. Taniguchi, J. Power Sourc. (n.d.)
Cairns, E.J., Albertus, P., Ann. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 1 (2010) 299
Mineral Commodity Summaries 2012, USGS, Reston, Virginia, 2012