Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T14:50:00.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Guardians at the Gate: The Backgrounds, Career Paths, and Professional Development of Private US Immigration Lawyers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Abstract

This article presents findings from a qualitative study of seventy‐one New York immigration lawyers who are engaged in private practice. It focuses on the lawyers' backgrounds, career paths, and early professional training and describes, inter alia, the unusual diversity of this bar, the lawyers' reasons for practicing immigration law, the ways in which they learn to practice law, and the strong sense of community within the private immigration bar. It uses the idea of communities of practice to help understand how lawyers learn from their colleagues and are influenced by them. The article identifies several factors that may contribute to the supportiveness of the bar and the strong sense of community within that practice specialty, notwithstanding its great diversity. It concludes by making some preliminary comparisons between immigration lawyers and lawyers in other practice specialties and by identifying some questions for future study.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2009 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Auerbach, Jerold S. 1976. Unequal Justice: Lawyers and Social Change in Modern America. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Carlin, Jerome E. 1966. Lawyers' Ethics: A Survey of the New York City Bar. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Carson, Clara N. 2004. The Lawyer Statistical Report: The US Legal Profession in 2000. Chicago: American Bar Foundation.Google Scholar
Daniels, Stephen, and Martin, Joanne. 1999. “It's Darwinism—Survival of the Fittest”: How Markets and Reputations Shape the Way in Which Plaintiffs' Lawyers Obtain Clients. Law & Policy 21:377–99.Google Scholar
Fagen, Melvin M. 1939. The Status of Jewish Lawyers in New York City. Jewish Social Studies 1:73104.Google Scholar
Garth, Bryant G., and Martin, Joanne. 1993. Law Schools and the Construction of Competence. Journal of Legal Education 43:469509.Google Scholar
Groenendijk, Kees. 2007. Barriers for Newcomers, the Entry of Young Dutch Lawyers of Turkish and Moroccan Origin in the Bar. Paper presented at annual meeting of the Law and Society Association, July 28, Berlin, Germany.Google Scholar
Heinz, John P., Nelson, Robert L., Sandefur, Rebecca L., and Laumann, Edward O. 2005. Urban Lawyers: The New Social Structure of the Bar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hellman, Lawrence K. 1991. The Effects of Law Office Work on the Formation of Law Students' Professional Values: Observation, Explanation, Optimization. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics 4:537617.Google Scholar
Kritzer, Herbert M. 2001. From Litigators of Ordinary Cases to Litigators of Extraordinary Cases: Stratification of the Plaintiffs' Bar in the Twenty‐First Century. De Paul Law Review 51:219–40.Google Scholar
Landon, Donald D. 1990. Country Lawyers: The Impact of Context on Professional Practice. New York: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Langevoort, Donald C. 1993. Where Were the Lawyers? A Behavioral Inquiry into Lawyers' Responsibility for Clients' Fraud. Vanderbilt Law Review 46:75119.Google Scholar
Langevoort, Donald C. 1997. The Epistemology of Corporate‐Securities Lawyering: Beliefs, Biases and Organizational Behavior. Brooklyn Law Review 63:629–76.Google Scholar
Levin, Leslie C. 2001. Preliminary Reflections on the Professional Development of Solo and Small Law Firm Practitioners. Fordham Law Review 70:847900.Google Scholar
Levin, Leslie C. 2004. The Ethical World of Solo and Small Law Firm Practitioners. Houston Law Review 41:309–92.Google Scholar
Levin, Leslie C. 2005. Lawyers in Cyberspace: The Impact of Legal Listservs on the Professional Development and Ethical Decisionmaking of Lawyers. Arizona State Law Journal 37:589624.Google Scholar
Mann, Kenneth. 1985. Defending White Collar Crime: A Portrait of Attorneys at Work. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Mather, Lynn, McEwen, Craig A., and Maiman, Richard J. 2001. Divorce Lawyers at Work: Varieties of Professionalism in Practice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
National Conference of Bar Examiners and ABA Section on Legal Education. 2008. Comprehensive Guide to Bar Admission Requirements. http://www.ncbex.org/fileadmin/mediafiles/downloads/Comp_Guide/CompGuide.pdf (accessed December 24, 2008).Google Scholar
Nelson, Robert L., and Trubek, David M. 1992. Arenas of Professionalism: The Professional Ideologies of Lawyers in Context. In Lawyers' Ideals/Lawyers' Practices: Transformations in the American Legal Profession, eds. Nelson, Robert L., Trubek, David M., and Solomon, Raymond L., 177214. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Parikh, Sara. 2001. Professionalism and Its Discontents: A Study of Social Networks in the Plaintiffs' Personal Injury Bar. Unpublished dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Illinois. (Copy on file with author.)Google Scholar
Parikh, Sara. 2007. How the Spider Catches the Fly: Referral Networks in the Plaintiffs' Personal Injury Bar. New York Law School Law Review 51:243–83.Google Scholar
Ramji‐Nogales, Jaya, Schoenholtz, Andrew, and Schrag, Philip G. 2007. Refugee Roulette: Disparities in Asylum Adjudication. Stanford Law Review 60:295411.Google Scholar
Rostain, Tanina. 1999. Waking Up from Uneasy Dreams: Professional Context, Discretionary Judgment, and “The Practice of Justice.” Stanford Law Review 51:955–72.Google Scholar
Seron, Carroll. 1996. The Business of Practicing Law: The Work Lives of Solo and Small‐Firm Attorneys. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Stier, Byron G. 2005. Resolving the Class Action Crisis: Mass Tort Litigation as Network. Utah Law Review 2005:863938.Google Scholar
Sommerlad, Hilary 2007. Researching and Theorizing the Processes of Professional Identity Formation. Journal of Law & Society 34:190217.Google Scholar
Sterling, Joyce, Dinovitzer, Ronit, and Garth, Bryant. 2007. The Changing Social Role of Urban Law Schools. Southwestern University Law Review 36:389432.Google Scholar
U.S. News & World Report. 2007. America's Best Graduate Schools—Law [Ranked in 2006]. (Web page no longer available, hardcopy in author's possession.)Google Scholar
Wilkins, David B. 1990. Legal Realism for Lawyers. Harvard Law Review 104:468524.Google Scholar
Zemans, Frances Kahn, and Rosenblum, Victor G. 1981. The Making of a Public Profession. Chicago: American Bar Foundation.Google Scholar