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Viviendo al borde: Territorio y patrones de asentamiento prehispánico en Santo Domingo Tonaltepec dentro del contexto regional de la mixteca alta
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 April 2021
Abstract
Se presentan los resultados del recorrido de superficie realizado en la comunidad de Santo Domingo Tonaltepec en la Mixteca Alta de Oaxaca, en el que se identificaron y registraron 43 nuevos sitios arqueológicos datados a las fases Ramos (alrededor de los 300 aC hasta los 250 dC), Las Flores (aproximadamente 250-900 dC) y Natividad (aproximadamente 900-1521 dC). Estos nuevos sitios se contextualizan en el ámbito regional al relacionarlos con los sitios urbanos identificados para cada una de estas fases en los valles adyacentes de Coixtlahuaca, Nochixtlán, Tamazulapan y Teposcolula. Basados en estos datos, consideramos que Tonaltepec se encontró relativamente aislado y fuera del control de los sitios urbanos tempranos durante Ramos; que se transformó en un asentamiento fronterizo entre las entidades políticas durante la fase Las Flores; y que aprovechó los beneficios de localizarse sobre la ruta de comunicación entre importantes reinos mixtecos durante Natividad. La localización de Tonaltepec, relativamente lejos de los principales valles, pero a la vez entre ellos, le otorgó ventajas que supo aprovechar a través de la historia de desarrollo político de la región.
We present the results of a surface survey conducted in Santo Domingo Tonaltepec, Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, Mexico. In this survey we identified and recorded 43 new archaeological sites dating to the Ramos (around 300 BC–AD 250), Las Flores (around AD 250–900), and Natividad phases (around AD 900–1521). We contextualize these new sites in relation to the urban sites and political centers identified in the adjacent valleys of Coixtlahuaca, Nochixtlán, Tamazulapan, and Teposcolula, which were surveyed by previous projects. We use a least cost analysis based on Tobler's hiking function to measure the distance of Tonaltepec from the regional centers in terms of hours by foot in order to estimate the optimal routes between centers. Based on these data, we propose that Tonaltepec was relatively isolated during the Ramos phase; that it became a borderland between polities during the Las Flores phase; and that it took advantage of its location along travel routes between important Mixtec kingdoms during the Natividad phase. The location of Tonaltepec, relatively far from the valleys, but at the same time among them, presented advantages and opportunities to establish different relationships with the main polities at different times of the political development of the region.
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