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Urbanism and Early State Formation in the Huamelulpan Valley of Southern Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Andrew K. Balkansky
Andrew K. Balkansky*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024
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Abstract

A long-running debate in archaeology is the analytical priority given to local vs. interregional-scale factors in the origins of complex societies. These alternate approaches have often pitted local-scale, environmentally determined models against the large-scale, sociopolitical demands of ancient cities and states. In the archaeology of Oaxaca, Mexico, these distinctions are apparent in efforts to model the impact of Monte Albán on the development of complexity outside the Valley of Oaxaca. Huamelulpan, located in the western Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, was one of Mesoamerica's first urban centers. But despite several decades of intermittent work, the site had never been surveyed, and nearly nothing was known of the surrounding region. A systematic archaeological survey of Huamelulpan and its environs studied the urban transition from a regional perspective. Huamelulpan's urbanization was strongly correlated with the formation of a state-level polity. Interaction with Monte Albán occasioned these developments, albeit in ways more indirect than colonization or conquest. An approach to culture change is outlined that uses archaeological survey data to shift the scale of analysis between local, regional, and interregional levels to interpret the transition to city and state in Oaxaca's Huamelulpan Valley.

La prioridad dada a factores de escala local contra factores de escala interregional en el análisis del origen de sociedades complejas es un tema de largo debate en arqueología. Estas aproximaciones alternativas han, en muchos casos, enfrentado modelos de determinismo ambiental de escala local contra las demandas sociopolíticas de ciudades y estados antiguos, a escala regional. En la arqueología de Oaxaca, México, estas distinciones son perceptibles en los esfuerzos de modelar el impacto de Monte Albán en el desarrollo de la complejidad social fuera del Valle de Oaxaca. Huamelulpan, situado en el área occidental de la Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, fue uno de los primeros centros urbanos de Mesoamérica. A pesar de varias décadas de trabajos esporádicos, jamás se ha hecho prospección en el sitio y poco se conoce de la región que lo rodea. A través de una prospección arqueológica sistemática del Valle de Huamelulpan, se estudió el proceso de transición del sistema urbano desde una perspectiva regional. La urbanización de Huamelulpan está correlacionada con la formación de una estructura estatal en la región. La interacción con Monte Albán fue un factor en este proceso, aunque en formas más bien indirectas, en lugar de colonización o conquista. En este trabajo se esboza una aproximación al cambio cultural que hace uso de los datos de la prospección arqueológica para producir análisis a niveles local, regional e interregional para interpretar la transición hacia la ciudad y el estado en el Valle de Huamelulpan.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , March 1998 , pp. 37 - 67
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1998

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References

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