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Dietary Correlates to the Development of Nasca Social Complexity (A.D. 1–750)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Corina M. Kellner  and
Margaret J. Schoeninger
Corina M. Kellner
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Box 15200, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 (corina.kellner@nau.edu)
Margaret J. Schoeninger
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Ca. 92093-0532 (mjschoen@ucsd.edu)
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Abstract

This study examines the relationship between agricultural intensification and social complexity in past societies using a diachronic, contextualized population, the Nasca of the southern coast of Peru (A.D. 1–750). Using stable isotope analysis of human bone collagen, we tested social assumptions arising from the relationship between agricultural intensification and social complexity during the Nasca’s cultural fluorescence, including the construction of underground filtration galleries (puquios). Our data show that while agricultural intensification may have spurred social complexity in the Nasca region, it engendered few significant differences in access to foodstuffs. High status individuals in Nasca society had access to more meat than low status individuals, especially during time periods characterized by more social conflict, increasing trade routes, and agricultural intensification. Meat consumption may have been an important marker of status identity among the Nasca. Nasca elites, however, did not control access to agricultural products such as maize as effectively as they did meat. These dietary data support the contention that an indigenous process of innovation and intensification was the major catalyst to later social complexity in the Nasca population from the Las Trancas Valley.

Este estudio analiza la relación entre intensificación agrícola y complejidad social en las poblaciones del pasado a través de los nasca, una población diacrónica y bien contextualizada procedente de la costa sur del Perú (1–750 D.C.). Mediante el análisis de isótopos estables presentes en el colágeno de huesos humanos, examinamos algunas de las propuestas que surgen de la relación entre intensificación agrícola y complejidad social durante la época nasca, como por ejemplo la construcción de galerías subterráneas de filtración (puquios). Los datos obtenidos por este estudio demuestran que, aunque es posible que la intensificación agrícola haya estimulado una mayor complejidad social entre los nasca, este mismo proceso de intensificación generó pocas diferencias significativas en el acceso a productos alimenticios. Los individuos de mayor rango en la sociedad nasca tenían mejor acceso a proteína animal (carne) que los individuos de menor rango, especialmente durante periodos caracterizados por conflictos sociales, el incremento de rutas comerciales, y la intensificación agrícola. El consumo de carne pudo haber sido un importante marcador de rango entre los nasca. Las élites nasca, sin embargo, no mantenían control sobre el acceso a productos agrícolas tales como el maíz con la misma eficacia que en el caso de la carne. Los datos obtenidos sobre la dieta de esta población soportan un argumento a favor de un proceso local de innovación e intensificación agrícola como el principal catalizador de la posterior complejidad social en la población nasca del valle de Las Trancas.

Type
Themed Section: Diet, Disease, and Social Change
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , December 2012 , pp. 490 - 508
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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