Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T07:01:36.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Saturation effect at high laser pulse energies in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for elemental analysis in water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2007

Xiao Fang  and
S. Rafi Ahmad
Xiao Fang*
Affiliation:
Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, DMAS, DCMT, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, United Kingdom.
S. Rafi Ahmad
Affiliation:
Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, DMAS, DCMT, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, United Kingdom.
*
Address correspondence and reprint request to: Xiao Fang, Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, DMAS, DCMT, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, Wilts. SN6 8LA, United Kingdom. E-mail: x.fang@cranfield.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Saturation effects in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in water for elemental analysis have been investigated. Existing theoretical model of laser-induced plasma in solids has been applied to liquid phase under some simplifying assumptions to take account of the laser pulse energy dependence of atomic emissions from Na and Cu in aqueous solution. The theory was found to explain the emission process for laser energies up to but below the saturation level. The saturation limit of the emission with laser pulse energy corresponds well with that of the plasma temperature deduced from blackbody emission considerations. The saturation energies for atomic emissions were found to be lower for bulk excitations compared to water jet excitations. The dependence of signal strength on sample concentration indicated that the concentration values at saturation are lower at higher laser energies, as is expected from the theoretical model.

Keywords

Atomic EmissionLaserPlasma TemperatureSaturationWater Plasma
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , December 2007 , pp. 613 - 620
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdallah, J., Batani, D., Desai, T., Lucchini, G., Faenov, A., Pikuz, T., Magunov, A. & Narayanan, V. (2007). High resolution X-ray emission spectra from picosecond laser irradiated Ge targets. Laser Part. Beams 25, 245–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bashir, S., Rafique, M.S. & Ul-Haq, F. (2007). Laser ablation of ion irradiated CR-39. Laser Laser Part. Beams 25, 181–191CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassiotis, I., Diamantopoulou, A., Giannoudakos, A., Roubani-Kalantzopoulou, F. & Kompitsas, M. (2001). Effects of experimental parameters in quantitative analysis of steel alloy by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Spectrochemica Acta B56, 671–683.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauerle, D. (1996). Laser Processing and Chemistry. New York: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabalin, I.M. & Laserna, J.J. (1998). Experimental determination of laser induced breakdown thresholds of metals under nanosecond Q-switched laser operation. Spectrochimica Acta B53, 723–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charfi, B. & Harith, M.A. (2002). Panoramic laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of water. Spectrochemica Acta B57, 1141–1153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ciucci, A., Palleschi, V., Rastelli, S., Salvetti, A., Singh, D.P. & Tognoni, E. (1999). CF-LIPS: A new approach to LIPS spectra analysis. Laser Part. Beams 17, 793–797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Detalle, V., Heon, R., Sabsabi, M. & St-Onge, L. (2001). An evaluation of a commercial Echelle spectrometer with intensified charge-couple device detector for material analysis by laser-induced plasma spectroscopy. Spectrochemica Acta B56, 1011–1025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houle, F.A. & Hinsburg, W.D. (1998). Stochastic simulation of heat flow with application to laser–solid interactions. Appl. Phys. A66, 143–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knop, R., Scherbaum, F.J. & Kim, J.I. (1996). Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as an analytical tool for the detection of metal ions in aqueous solutions. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 355, 16–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samek, O., Beddows, D.C.S., Kaiser, J., Kukhlevsky, S.V., Liska, M., Telle, H.H. & Young, J. (2000). Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to in situ analysis of liquid samples. Opt. Eng. 39, 2248–2262.Google Scholar
Schade, W., Bohling, C., Hohmann, K. & Scheel, D. (2006). Laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for mine detection and verification. Laser Part. Beams 24, 241–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaumann, G., Schollmeier, M.S., Rodriguez-Prieto, G., Blazevic, A., Brambrink, E., Geissel, M., Korostiy, S., Pirzadeh, P., Roth, M., Rosmej, F.B., Faenov, A.Y., Pikuz, T.A., Tsigutkin, K., Maron, Y., Tahir, N.A. & Hoffmann, D.H.H. (2005). High energy heavy ion jets emerging from laser plasma generated by long pulse laser beams from the NHELIX laser system at GSI. Laser Part. Beams 23, 503–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schollmeier, M., Prieto, G.R., Rosmej, F.B., Schaumann, G., Blazevic, A., Rosmej, O.N. & Roth, M. (2006). Investigation of laser-produced chlorine plasma radiation for non-monochromatic X-ray scattering experiments. Laser Part. Beams 24, 335–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St-Onge, L., Detalle, V. & Sabsabi, M. (2002). Enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy using the combination of fourth-harmonic and fundamental Nd-YAG laser pulses. Spectrochemica Acta B57, 121–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thareja, R.K. & Sharma, A.K. (2006). Reactive pulsed laser ablation: Plasma studies. Laser Part. Beams 24, 311–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehouse, A.I., Young, J., Botheroyd, I.M., Lawson, S., Evans, C.P. & Wright, J. (2001). Remote material analysis of nuclear power station steam generator tubes by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta B56, 821–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolowski, J., Badziak, J., Czarnecka, A., Parys, P., Pisarek, M., Rosinski, M., Turan, R. & Yerci, S. (2007). Application of pulsed laser deposition and laser-induced ion implantation for formation of semiconductor nano-crystallites. Laser Part. Beams 25, 65–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar