The results of the writer's investigations on the ciliary mechanisms on the gills of Mollusca and Amphioxus (1 and 2) gave rise to the suggestion that similar mechanisms might probably also occur in Brachiopods, for it is a well-known fact that Brachiopods—like some Molluscs and Amphioxus—feed on the smaller organisms which are to be found floating in the sea. Owing to the kindness of Dr. H. C. Williamson, of Aberdeen, I have been able to examine living Crania which were obtained by dredging in Loch Fyne, and living Terebratula have also been obtained from Naples. An investigation of the living gill-filaments—or lophophoral cirri, as they are frequently termed in this group—showed that the ciliary mechanisms on these filaments are essentially the same as those occurring on the gill-filaments of Amphioxus, Lamellibranchs, some Gastropods, and most Ascidians. As it was found that existing accounts of the mode of feeding in Brachiopods are vague and incomplete the following description of the process has been written.