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Sex differences in Parkinson disease-associated episodic memory and processing speed deficits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2023

Tyler H. Reekes Open the ORCID record for Tyler H. Reekes [Opens in a new window] ,
Christopher I. Higginson ,
Karen A. Sigvardt ,
David S. King ,
Dawn Levine ,
Vicki L. Wheelock  and
Elizabeth A. Disbrow
Tyler H. Reekes
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA LSU Health Shreveport Center for Brain Health, Shreveport, LA, USA
Christopher I. Higginson
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
Karen A. Sigvardt
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
David S. King
Affiliation:
Clinical Functional Neuroscience Department, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
Dawn Levine
Affiliation:
Clinical Functional Neuroscience Department, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
Vicki L. Wheelock
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA Clinical Functional Neuroscience Department, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA
Elizabeth A. Disbrow*
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA LSU Health Shreveport Center for Brain Health, Shreveport, LA, USA Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Elizabeth A. Disbrow, email: elizabeth.disbrow@lsuhs.edu
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Abstract

Objectives:

This study aims to address a gap in the data on cognitive sex differences in persons living with Parkinson disease (PD). There is some evidence that cognitive dysfunction is more severe in male PD, however data on episodic memory and processing speed is incomplete.

Methods:

One hundred and sixty-seven individuals with a diagnosis of PD were included in this study. Fifty-six of those individuals identified as female. The California Verbal Learning Test 1st edition and the Wechsler Memory Scale 3rd edition were used to evaluate verbal and visuospatial episodic memory and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 3rd edition was used to evaluate processing speed. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to identify sex-specific differences across groups.

Results:

Our results show that males with PD performed significantly worse than females in verbal and visuospatial recall as well as a trend for the processing speed task of coding.

Conclusions:

Our finding of superior performance among females with PD in verbal episodic memory is consistent with reports in both healthy and PD individuals; however, females outperforming males in measures of visuospatial episodic memory is unique to PD. Cognitive deficits preferentially affecting males appear to be associated with frontal lobe-related function. Therefore, males may represent a disease subgroup more susceptible to disease mechanisms affecting frontal lobe deterioration and cognitive disturbances in PD.

Keywords

sex differencescognitive dysfunctionParkinson’s diseaseneuropsychological assessmentmemoryprocessing speed
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 29 , Issue 9 , November 2023 , pp. 813 - 820
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2023

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