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The Power of Perception: Beliefs About Memory Ability Uniquely Contribute to Memory Performance and Quality of Life in Adults Aging with Traumatic Brain Injury

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2022

Umesh M. Venkatesan Open the ORCID record for Umesh M. Venkatesan [Opens in a new window] ,
Amanda R. Rabinowitz  and
Frank G. Hillary
Umesh M. Venkatesan*
Affiliation:
Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA
Amanda R. Rabinowitz
Affiliation:
Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA
Frank G. Hillary
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Umesh M. Venkatesan, PhD, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, 50 Township Line Road, Suite 100, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA. E-mail: venkateu@einstein.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

Personal beliefs about memory ability, which comprise memory self-efficacy (MSE), can influence memory performance in healthy older adults. Self-efficacy theory also predicts that MSE biases self-perceptions of functioning more globally, potentially impacting daily activity beyond cognitive performance. People with traumatic brain injury (PwTBI) frequently report debilitating memory problems long after acute recovery, but little is known about how MSE affects health outcomes in this population. We examined demographic and clinical correlates of MSE, as well as its relationship to memory test performance and health-related quality of life (QOL), in older adults with chronic moderate-to-severe TBI (msTBI).

Method:

One hundred fourteen adults, aged 50+ and at least 1 year post-msTBI, underwent neuropsychological testing to assess their memory functioning. Participants also self-reported levels of psychological distress, MSE (Cognitive Confidence subscale of the Metacognitions Questionnaire), and health-related QOL (Quality of Life after Brain Injury questionnaire).

Results:

Demographic and injury-related predictors showed weak correlations with MSE. Although the relationship between MSE and general psychological distress was robust, only the former significantly predicted memory performance. Bivariate analyses revealed significant relationships between MSE and five out of the six QOL domains assessed. Multivariate linear regression revealed a significant impact of MSE on overall QOL independent of demographic and clinical variables.

Conclusions:

Our findings support a unique role for MSE in both the objective cognitive performance and subjective health of PwTBI. Increased focus on self-perceptions of ability and their impact on measured outcomes is an important step towards personalized rehabilitation for adults with chronic msTBI.

Keywords

Traumatic brain injuryNeuropsychologyRehabilitationQuality of lifeMemorySelf-efficacyMetacognition
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 29 , Issue 2 , February 2023 , pp. 159 - 171
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2022

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