Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T05:02:52.144Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Motor dysfunction profiles in traumatic brain injury and postconcussion syndrome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2009

Manfred F. Greiffenstein ,
W. John Baker  and
Thomas Gola
Manfred F. Greiffenstein
Affiliation:
Psychological Systems, Inc., Royal Oak, MI 48067
W. John Baker
Affiliation:
Psychological Systems, Inc., Royal Oak, MI 48067
Thomas Gola
Affiliation:
Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Motor measures are sensitive to central lesions, but they are also affected by peripheral injury and motivation. The motor skills profiles of proven brain injury clients were compared with the profiles of healthy postconcussion patients. The chief result was a double dissociation: The traumatic brain injury (TBI) group produced a motor dysfunction gradient consistent with upper motor neuron disease, while the compensation-seeking postconcussion group produced a nonphysiologic pattern. Objective measures of behavioral pain and emotional distress did not correlate with the findings. Motor skill deficiencies in postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are probably functional in nature. (JINS, 1996, 2, 477–485.)

Keywords

Traumatic brain injuryPostconcussion syndromeMalingeringMotor dysfunction
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 2 , Issue 6 , November 1996 , pp. 477 - 485
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adams, R. & Victor, M. (1993). Principles of neurology (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Author.Google Scholar
Annegers, J.F., Grabow, J.D., Kurland, L.T., & Laws, E.R. Jr., (1980). The incidence, causes and secular trends of head trauma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935–1974. Neurology, 30, 912–919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barth, J., Macchiochi, S.N., Giordani, B., Rimel, R., Jane, J.A., & Boll, T.J. (1983). Neuropsychological sequelae of minor head injury. Neurosurgery, 13, 529–533.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Binder, L.M. (1986). Persisting symptoms after mild head injury: A review of the postconcussive syndrome. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 323–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Binder, L.M. & Willis, S.C. (1991). Assessment of motivation after financially compensable minor head trauma. Psychological Assessment, 3, 175–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair, J.R. & Spreen, O. (1989). Predicting premorbid IQ: A revision of the National Adult Reading Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 3, 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boll, T.J. & Barth, J. (1983). Mild head injury. Psychiatric Developments, 1, 263–275.Google ScholarPubMed
Bornstein, R.A. (1986). Normative data on intermanual differences on three tests of motor performance. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 12–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butcher, J.N. & Williams, C.L. (1992). Essentials of MMP1–2 and MMPI-A interpretation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Christensen, A.L. (1977). Luria's neuropsychological investigation. Copenhagen, Denmark: Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Conboy, T.J., Barth, J., & Boll, T.J. (1986). Treatment and rehabilitation of mild and moderate head trauma. Rehabilitation Psychology, 31, 203–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cullum, C.M., Heaton, R.K., & Grant, I. (1991). Psychogenic factors influencing neuropsychological test performance: Somato form disorders, faclitious disorders and malingering. In Doerr, H.O & Carlin, A.S. (Eds.), Forensic neuropsychology (pp. 141–174). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Dikmen, S., McClean, A., & Temkin, N. (1986). Neuropsychological and psychosocial consequences of minor head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 49, 1227–1232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dikmen, S., Reitan, R.M., Temkin, N.R., & Machamer, J.E. (1992). Minor and severe head injury emotional sequelae. Brain Injury, 6, 477–478.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dikmen, S.S., Temkin, N.R., Machamer, J.E., Holubkov, A.L., Fraser, R.T. & Winn, H.R. (1994). Employment following traumatic head injuries. Archives of Neurology, 51, 177–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Filskov, S.B. & Cantanese, R.A. (1986). Effects of sex and handedness on neuropsychological testing. In Filskov, S.B. & Boll, T. (Eds.), Handbook of clinical neuropsychology (Vol. 2, pp. 198–212). New York: Wiley Interscience.Google Scholar
Finlayson, M.A.J. & Reitan, R.M. (1976). Handedness in relation to measures of motor and tactile-perceptual functions in normal children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 43, 475–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulton, J.F. & Kennard, M.A. (1934). A study of flaccid and spastic paralyses produced by lesions of the cerebral cortex in primates. Research Publication of the Association of Research in Nervous and Mental Disorders, 13, 158–210.Google Scholar
Goldberg, E. & Tucker, D. (1979). Motor perseveration and longterm memory for visual forms. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1, 273–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haaland, K.Y., Cleeland, C.S., & Carr, D. (1977). Motor performance after unilateral hemisphere damage in patients with tumor. Archives of Neurology, 34, 556–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haaland, K.Y. & Delaney, H.D. (1981). Motor performance after left or right hemisphere damage due to stroke or tumor. Neuropsychologia, 19, 17–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haaland, K.Y., Harrington, D.L., & Yeo, R.A. (1987). The effects of task complexity on motor performance in left and right hemisphere stroke patients. Neuropsychologia, 25, 783–794.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haaland, K.Y., Temkin, N., Randahl, G., & Dikmen, S. (1994). Recovery of simple motor skills after head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 448–456.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haaland, K.Y. & Yeo, R.A. (1989). Neuropsychological and neuroanatomic aspects of motor control. In Bigler, E., Yeo, R.A., & Turkheimer, E. (Eds.), Neuropsychological function and brain imaging (pp. 219–244). New York: Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halstead, W. (1947). Brain and intelligence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Harrington, D.L. & Haaland, K.Y. (1992). Motor sequencing with left hemisphere damage. Brain, 115, 857–874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, R.K., Grant, I., & Matthews, C.G. (1991). Comprehensive norms for an expanded Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.Google Scholar
Heaton, R.K., Smith, H.H., Lehman, R.A., & Vogt, A.T. (1978). Prospects for faking believable deficits on neuropsychological testing. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 892–900.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heilman, K.M. (1979). Apraxia. In Heilman, K.M. & Valenstein, E. (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology (pp. 159–185). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hoffmaster, E., Lech, R., & Niebuhr, B.R. (1993). Consistency of sincere and feigned grip exertions with repeated testing. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 35, 788–794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, T. (1986). Minor head injury: An introduction for professionals. Southboro, MA: National Head Injury Foundation.Google Scholar
Kimura, D. & Archibald, Y. (1974). Motor functions of the left hemisphere. Brain, 97, 337–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klonoff, P.S., Costa, L.D., & Snow, W.G. (1986). Predictors and indicators of quality of life in patients with closed head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 8, 469–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolb, B. & Milner, B. (1981). Performance of complex arm and facial movements after focal brain lesions. Neuropsychologia, 19, 491–503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larrabee, G.J. (1990). Cautions in the use of neuropsychological evaluations in legal settings. Special section: Forensic-legal medical issues of neuropsychology. Neuropsychology, 4, 239–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, H.S. (1990). Predicting the neurobehavioral sequelae of closed head injury. In Wood, R.L. (Ed.), Neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury (pp. 89–109). London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Levin, H.S., Mattis, S., Ruff, R.M., Eisenberg, H.M., Marshall, L.F., Tabaddor, K., High, W.M. Jr., & Frankowski, R.F. (1987). Neurobehavioral outcome following minor head injury: A three center study. Journal of Neurosurgery, 66, 234–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lezak, M. (1995). Neuropsychological assessment (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Luria, A. (1973). The working brain. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Matthews, C.G. & Klove, H. (1964). Instruction manual for the adult neuropsychology test battery. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Medical School Press.Google Scholar
McMordie, W.R. (1988). Twenty-year followup of the prevailing opinion on the posttraumatic or postconcussion syndrome. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 2, 198–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, H. & Cartlidge, N. (1972). Simulation and malingering after injuries to the brain and spinal cord. Lancet, 1, 580–585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oddy, M., Humphrey, M., & Uttley, D. (1978). Subjective impairment and social recovery after closed-head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 41, 611–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reitan, R.M. & Wolfson, D. (1985). The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press.Google Scholar
Rowland, L.P. (1989). Weakness: The syndromes caused by weak muscles. In Rowland, L.P. (Ed.), Merritt's textbook of neurology (8th ed., pp. 550–553). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.Google Scholar
Trueblood, W. & Schmidt, M. (1993). Malingering and other validity considerations in the neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15, 578–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Uomoto, J.M. & Esselman, P.C. (1993). Traumatic brain injury and chronic pain: Differential types and rates by head injury severity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 74, 61–64.Google ScholarPubMed
Varney, N. (1988). Prognostic significance of anosmia in patients with closed head trauma. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 10, 250–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Youngjohn, J.R., Burrows, L., & Erdal, K. (1995). Brain damage or compensation neurosis? The controversial post-concussion syndrome. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 112–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar