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Different cognitive profiles between mild cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease origin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2009

AIHONG ZHOU  and
JIANPING JIA
AIHONG ZHOU
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
JIANPING JIA*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Jianping Jia, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China. E-mail: jiaxuanwu@126.com
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Abstract

Controversy surrounds the differences of the cognitive profile between mild cognitive impairment resulting from cerebral small vessel disease (MCI-SVD) and mild cognitive impairment associated with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease (MCI-AD). The aim of this study was to explore and compare the cognitive features of MCI-SVD and MCI-AD. MCI-SVD patients (n = 56), MCI-AD patients (n = 30), and normal control subjects (n = 80) were comprehensively evaluated with neuropsychological tests covering five cognitive domains. The performance was compared between groups. Tests that discriminated between MCI-SVD and MCI-AD were identified. Multiple cognitive domains were impaired in MCI-SVD group, while memory and executive function were mainly impaired in MCI-AD group. Compared with MCI-SVD, MCI-AD patients performed relatively worse on memory tasks, but better on processing speed measures. The AVLT Long Delay Free Recall, Digit Symbol Test, and Stroop Test Part A (performance time) in combination categorized 91.1% of MCI-SVD patients and 86.7% of MCI-AD patients correctly. Current study suggested a nonspecific neuropsychological profile for MCI-SVD and a more specific cognitive pattern in MCI-AD. MCI-AD patients demonstrated greater memory impairment with relatively preserved mental processing speed compared with MCI-SVD patients. Tests tapping these two domains might be potentially useful for differentiating MCI-SVD and MCI-AD patients. (JINS, 2009, 15, 898–905.)

Keywords

Mild cognitive impairmentCerebral small vessel diseaseAlzheimer’s diseaseCognitive profileVascular dementiaLeukoaraiosis
Type
MCI Series
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 15 , Issue 6 , November 2009 , pp. 898 - 905
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2009

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