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Biomarkers in Prodromal Parkinson Disease: a Qualitative Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2016

Christine A. Cooper  and
Lama M. Chahine
Christine A. Cooper
Affiliation:
Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lama M. Chahine*
Affiliation:
Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Lama Chahine, Penn Neurological Institute, 330 S. 9th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. E-mail: lama.chahine@uphs.upenn.edu
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Abstract

Background: Over the past several years, the concept of prodromal Parkinson disease (PD) has been increasingly recognized. This term refers to individuals who do not fulfill motor diagnostic criteria for PD, but who have clinical, genetic, or biomarker characteristics suggesting risk of developing PD in the future. Clinical diagnosis of prodromal PD has low specificity, prompting the need for objective biomarkers with higher specificity. In this qualitative review, we discuss objectively defined putative biomarkers for PD and prodromal PD. Methods: We searched Pubmed and Embase for articles pertaining to objective biomarkers for PD and their application in prodromal cohorts. Articles were selected based on relevance and methodology. Key Findings: Objective biomarkers of demonstrated utility in prodromal PD include ligand-based imaging and transcranial sonography. Development of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue-based biomarkers is underway, but their application in prodromal PD has yet to meaningfully occur. Combining objective biomarkers with clinical or genetic prodromal features increases the sensitivity and specificity for identifying prodromal PD. Conclusions: Several objective biomarkers for prodromal PD show promise but require further study, including their application to and validation in prodromal cohorts followed longitudinally. Accurate identification of prodromal PD will likely require a multimodal approach. (JINS, 2016, 22, 956–967)

Keywords

Pre-clinicalParkinsonismRiskIncipient neurodegenerationLewy body disordersAlpha-synuclein
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 22 , Special Issue 10: Special Issue: Preclinical Prediction , November 2016 , pp. 956 - 967
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2016 

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