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Action Control Deficits in Patients With Essential Tremor

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2018

Shelby Hughes
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Daniel O. Claassen
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Wery P.M. van den Wildenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Amsterdam Brain and Cognition (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Fenna T. Phibbs
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Elise B. Bradley
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
Scott A. Wylie
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, Tennessee
Nelleke C. van Wouwe*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, Tennessee
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Nelleke C. van Wouwe, Human Cognition and Neurophysiology Group, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, 220 Abraham Flexner Way, 15th Floor, Louisville, KY 40202

Abstract

Objectives: Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder characterized by action tremor which impacts motor execution. Given the disrupted cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks in ET, we hypothesized that ET could interfere with the control mechanisms involved in regulating motor performance. The ability to inhibit or stop actions is critical for navigating many daily life situations such as driving or social interactions. The current study investigated the speed of action initiation and two forms of action control, response stopping and proactive slowing in ET. Methods: Thirty-three ET patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) completed a choice reaction task and a stop-signal task, and measures of going speed, proactive slowing and stop latencies were assessed. Results: Going speed was significantly slower in ET patients (649 ms) compared to HCs (526 ms; F(1,56) = 42.37; p <.001; η2 = .43), whereas proactive slowing did not differ between groups. ET patients exhibited slower stop signal reaction times (320 ms) compared to HCs (258 ms, F(1,56) = 15.3; p <.00; η2 = .22) and more severe motor symptoms of ET were associated with longer stopping latencies in a subset of patients (Spearman rho = .48; p <.05). Conclusions: In line with previous studies, ET patients showed slower action initiation. Additionally, inhibitory control was impaired whereas proactive slowing remained intact relative to HCs. More severe motor symptoms of ET were associated with slower stopping speed, and may reflect more progressive changes to the cerebellar-thalamo-cortical network. Future imaging studies should specify which structural and functional changes in ET can explain changes in inhibitory action control. (JINS, 2019, 25, 156–164)

Type
Regular Research
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2018 

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