Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T06:24:04.861Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Impact of Masculinity on Anger Arousal in Ambiguous Situations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2014

Michelle Wharton
Affiliation:
University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Andrew Day*
Affiliation:
Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
Philip Mohr
Affiliation:
The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Adam Gerace
Affiliation:
Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Kevin Howells
Affiliation:
Nottingham University, Duncan MacMillan House, Porchester Road, Nottingham NG3 6AA, UK
*
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Andrew Day, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong VIC 3320, Australia. Email: andrew.day@deakin.edu.au
Get access

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of sex and gender role identity on anger experience at varying levels of provocation in a sample of 585 Australian students. Participants viewed videotaped vignettes of a potentially anger-triggering event where the intent of another person was either ambiguous or unambiguous. Measures of self-predicted anger, trait anger, and gender role identity were then completed. Results supported the hypothesis that it is gender role identity rather than sex that is more closely related to angry emotion. There was, however, no support for the hypothesis that anger arousal would be greater in circumstances in which the intention behind a provoking event is ambiguous when the respondent identifies with a masculine gender role. The implications of these findings for the development of anger management programs are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Australian Academic Press Pty Ltd 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, K.L., & Umberson, D. (2001). Gendering violence: Masculinity and power in men's accounts of domestic violence. Gender & Society, 15, 358380.Google Scholar
Bem, S.L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bem, S.L. (1993). The lenses of gender: Transforming the debate on sexual inequality. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Bowers, S.P. (1999). Gender role identity and the caregiving experience of widowed men. Sex Roles, 41, 645655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deaux, K., & Major, B. (1987). Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behaviour. Psychological Review, 94, 369389.Google Scholar
Dodge, K.A. (1980). Social cognition and children's aggressive behavior. Child Development, 51, 162170.Google Scholar
Hazebroek, J.F., Howells, K., & Day, A. (2001). Cognitive appraisals associated with high trait anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 3145.Google Scholar
Hirokawa, K., Yagi, A., & Miyata, Y. (2004). An examination of masculinity-femininity traits and their relationships to communication skills and stress-coping skills. Social Behavior and Personality, 32, 731740.Google Scholar
Howell, D.C. (2002). Statistical methods for psychology (5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury.Google Scholar
Karniol, R. (2003). Caring, gender role orientation, and volunteering. Sex Roles, 49, 1119.Google Scholar
Kolbe, R.H., & Langefeld, C.D. (1993). Appraising gender role portrayals in TV commercials. Sex Roles, 28, 393417.Google Scholar
Kopper, B.A. (1993). Role of gender, sex role identity, and type A behavior in anger expression and mental health functioning. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 232–237.Google Scholar
Kopper, B.A., & Epperson, D.L. (1991). Women and anger: Sex and sex-role comparisons in the expression of anger. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 714.Google Scholar
Kopper, B.A., & Epperson, D.L. (1996). The experience and expression of anger: Relationships with gender, gender role socialization, depression, and mental health functioning. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 158165.Google Scholar
Milovchevich, D., Howells, K., Drew, N., & Day, A. (2001). Sex and gender role differences in anger: An Australian community study. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 117127.Google Scholar
Payne, F.D. (1985). Review of Bem Sex Role Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41, 414416.Google Scholar
Phillips, L.H., Henry, J.D., Hosie, J.A., & Milne, A.B. (2006). Age, anger regulation and well-being. Aging & Mental Health, 10, 250256.Google Scholar
Smith, C.J., Noll, J.A., & Bryant, J.B. (1999). The effect of social context on gender self-concept. Sex Roles, 40, 499512.Google Scholar
Spielberger, C.D. (1999). State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Walters, G.D. (2001). The relationship between masculinity, femininity, and criminal thinking in male and female offenders. Sex Roles, 45, 677690.Google Scholar
Wyatt, L.W., & Haskett, M.E. (2001). Aggressive and nonaggressive young adolescents’ attributions of intent in teacher/student interactions. Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 425–46.Google Scholar