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Post IORT seroma complication in breast cancer surgery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2020

Maha Abdel Hadi Open the ORCID record for Maha Abdel Hadi [Opens in a new window] ,
Afnan Al-Muhanna ,
Lina Abu Arida  and
Dina Lutfi
Maha Abdel Hadi*
Affiliation:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Afnan Al-Muhanna
Affiliation:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Lina Abu Arida
Affiliation:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Dina Lutfi
Affiliation:
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
*
Author for correspondence: Maha Abdel Hadi, Breast Division, Department of Surgery, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 40293, Alkhobar31952, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: abdelhadi_m@hotmail.com\mhadi@iau.edu.sa
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Abstract

Background:

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has gained popularity over recent years due to its impact on shortening the radiotherapy treatment time for early breast cancer. It has certainly proven effective as an exclusive treatment or when combined with whole breast irradiation (WBIR). Seroma is a common non-life-threatening complication that may delay treatment and impose challenges on radiological diagnostic follow-up.

Aim:

To review and compare the occurrence of seroma in patients who received exclusive IORT or when combined with WBIR and to outline the diagnostic challenges encountered during radiological follow-up.

Materials and methods:

Based on strict selection criteria, all eligible patients who received IORT ± WBIR treatment between 2012 and 2019 in a university hospital setting were included. Demographic data, histological diagnosis, tumour size, tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal status, receptor status, treatment with neoadjuvant hormonal chemotherapy, applicator size, dose used, duration of radiotherapy treatment, timing of seroma development and duration of seroma were documented. Both clinical and radiological follow-up were exercised in all patients.

Results:

The total number of patients treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) and IORT was 86. Age ranged between 31 and 75 years with the median age of 51 years. Patients treated exclusively with IORT were 39 (45%) while those who received the IORT as a boost were 47 (55%). Seroma was observed in 39(45%) of both IORT and IORT\WBIR patients. Those included 15(38%) of the exclusive IORT treated patients and 24 (62%) of those treated as a boost. Duration of asymptomatic seroma ranged from 6 months to 6 years. Repeated aspiration was performed in 2 (5%) patients. Postoperative seroma occurred independent of age histological diagnosis, tumour size, tumour grade, lymphovascular invasion, nodal status, receptor status, treatment with neoadjuvant hormonal\chemotherapy, applicator size, dose used or duration of radiotherapy treatment. All reviewed patients have shown increased risk of developing seroma; however, an increased incidence of seroma in the IORT + WBIR treated patients was higher than those who received exclusive IORT treatment.

Conclusion:

Postoperative seroma is a common non-life-threatening entity that occasionally may lead to delay in the subsequent treatment plan. IORT is a safe modality with many benefits; however, it may increase the risk of seroma formation independent of the clinical parameters. Promoting the expertise in post IORT breast imaging aids in overcoming diagnostic challenges.

Keywords

breast cancerintraoperative radiotherapyseromawhole breast irradiation
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 2022 , pp. 7 - 13
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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