No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
New Emsian (late Early Devonian) gastropods from Limestone Mountain, Medfra B-4 quadrangle, west-central Alaska (Farewell Terrane), and their paleobiogeographic affinities and evolutionary significance
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 May 2016
Abstract
A significant number of small-sized gastropods are described from Emsian (late Early Devonian) strata on the south flank of Limestone Mountain, Medfra B-4 quadrangle, west-central Alaska, providing the first detailed taxonomic inventory of Emsian gastropods from the Farewell terrane of southwestern and west-central Alaska. The fauna is distinctly of Old World Realm character, and contains not a single species in common with Emsian faunas of nearby nonaccreted rocks of western Canada and east-central Alaska (“Western Canada Province” of Blodgett et al., 2001a). The genera Balbinipleura Bandel and Frýda, 1996 and Nanochilina Frýda, 1998, as well as the subgenus Palaeozygopleura (Rhenozyga) Frýda, 2000, are reported for the first time in the Devonian of the Western Hemisphere. The gastropod fauna includes members of three (i.e., Archaeogastropoda, Caenogastropoda, and Heterobranchia) of the five modern gastropod subclasses, illustrating that these gastropod lineages were separated from each other since the Early Devonian. New taxa include the new genera Arctozone, Farewellia, and Medfrazyga, represented by the new species Arctozone cooki, Farewellia heidelbergerae, and Medfrazyga clauticae. Further new species include Quadricarina (Quadricarina?) noklebergi, Balbinipleura krawczynskii, Decorospira lepaini, Decorospira? minutula, Palaeozygopleura (Rhenozyga) reifenstuhli, and Nanochilina gubanovi. In addition, the following previously described gastropods are also discussed and illustrated: Alaskiella medfraensis Frýda and Blodgett, 1998; Alaskacirrus bandeli Frýda and Blodgett, 1998; and Kuskokwimia moorei Frýda and Blodgett, 2001a.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Paleontological Society
References
Anderson, J. R., Hoare, R. D., and Sturgeon, M. T. 1985. The Pennsylvanian gastropod genera Orthonema Meek and Worthen and Streptacis Meek from the Appalachian Basin. Journal of Paleontology, 59:1011–1027.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. R., Hoare, R. D., and Sturgeon, M. T. 1990. The Pennsylvanian gastropod Donaldina Knight in the Appalachian Basin, Eastern U.S.A. Journal of Paleontology, 64:557–562.Google Scholar
Andree, J. 1928. Über mitteldevonische Murchisonien. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 9:357–366.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 1982. Morphologie und Bildung der frühontogenetischen Gehäuse bei conchiferen Mollusken. Facies, 7:1–198.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 1991. Über triassische “Loxonematoidea” und ihre Beziehungen zu rezenten und palaeozoischen Schnecken. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 65, 3–4:239–268.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 1993. Evolutionary history of sinistral archaeogastropods with and without slit (Cirroidea, Vetigastropoda). Freiberger Forschungshefte, C450:41–81.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 1994. Triassic Euthyneura (Gastropoda) from St. Cassian Formation (Italian Alps) with a discussion on the evolution of the Heterostropha. Freiberger Forschungsheft, C452:79–100.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 1996. Some heterostrophic gastropods from Triassic St. Cassian Formation with a discussion of the classification of the Allogastropoda. Paläeontologische Zeitschrift, 70, 3–4:325–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandel, K. 1998. Scissurellidae als Modell für die Variationsbreite einer natürlichen Einheit der Schlitzbandschnecken (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 81:1–120.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 2002a. Reevaluation and classification of Carboniferous and Permian Gastropoda belonging to the Caenogastropoda and their relation. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 86:81–188.Google Scholar
Bandel, K. 2002b. About the Heterostropha (Gastropoda) from the Carboniferous and Permian. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 86:45–80.Google Scholar
Bandel, K., and Frýda, J. 1996. Balbinipleura, a new slit bearing archaeogastropod (Vetigastropoda) from the Lower Devonian of Bohemia and the Lower Carboniferous of Belgium. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, 6:325–344.Google Scholar
Bandel, K., and Frýda, J. 1998. Position of Euomphalidae in the system of the Gastropoda. Senckenbergiana lethaea, 78, 1–2:103–131.Google Scholar
Bandel, K., and Heidelberger, D. 2002. A Devonian member of the subclass Heterostropha (Gastropoda) with valvatoid shell shape. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 9:503–550.Google Scholar
Bandel, K., Nützel, A., and Yancey, T. 2002. Larval shells and shell microstructures of especially well-preserved Late Carboniferous gastropods from the Buckhorn Asphalt deposit (Oklahoma, USA). Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 82:639–689.Google Scholar
Batten, R. L. 1966. The Lower Carboniferous gastropod fauna from the Hotwells limestone of Compton Martin, Somerset. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 119–120:1–109.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B. 1992. Taxonomy and paleobiogeographic affinities of an early Middle Devonian (Eifelian) gastropod faunule from the Livengood quadrangle, east-central Alaska. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 221:125–168.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B. 1993. Dutrochus, a new microdomatid (Gastropoda) genus from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) of west-central Alaska. Journal of Paleontology, 67:194–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blodgett, R. B. 1998. Emsian (late Early Devonian) fossils indicate a Siberian origin for the Farewell terrane, p. 53–61. In Clough, J. G. and Larson, F. (eds.), Short Notes on Alaska Geology 1997. Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., and Boucot, A. J. 1999. Late Early Devonian (Late Emsian) eospiriferinid brachiopods from Shellabarger Pass, Talkeetna C-6 Quadrangle, south-central Alaska and their biogeographic importance; further evidence for a Siberian origin of the Farewell and allied Alaskan accreted terranes. Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 79:209–221.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., and Brease, P. F. 1997. Emsian (late Early Devonian) brachiopods from Shellabarger Pass, Talkeetna C-6 quadrangle, Denali National Park, Alaska indicate Siberian origin for Farewell terrane. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 29(5):5.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., and Cook, A. G. 2002. Cheeneetnukiidae, a new Middle Devonian murchisonioid gastropod family, including the new genera Cheeneetnukia and Ulungaratoconcha based on representatives from Alaska and Australia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 48:17–28.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., and Frýda, J. 1999. New Devonian gastropod genera important for paleogeographic reconstructions. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 44:293–308.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., and Frýda, J. 2001. Upper Triassic gastropod biogeography of western North America. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 33(3):A-53.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., and Johnson, J. G. 1992. Early Middle Devonian (Eifelian) gastropods of central Nevada. Palaeontographica, Abteilung A, 222:85–139.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., and Rohr, D. M. 1989. Two new Devonian spine-bearing pleurotomariacean gastropod genera from Alaska. Journal of Paleontology, 63:47–52.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Frýda, J., and Lenz, A. C. 2001a. Semitubina yukonensis n. sp., first occurrence of this biogeographically distinctive Old World Realm gastropod genus in the Lower Devonian of the Western Hemisphere. Journal of Paleontology, 75:466–470.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Frýda, J., and Racheboeuf, P. R. 1999. Upper Middle Devonian (Givetian) gastropods from the Kersiadou Formation, Brittany, France. Journal of Paleontology, 73:1081–1100.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Frýda, J., and Stanley, G. D. 2001b. Delphinulopsidae, a new neritopsoidean gastropod family from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Wallowa terrane, northeastern Oregon. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, Havlíček volume, 46(3–4):307–318.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Rohr, D. M., and Boucot, A. J. 1986. Lower Devonian gastropod biogeography of the Western Hemisphere. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 18(6):543.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Rohr, D. M., and Boucot, A. J. 1987. Early Middle Devonian (Eifelian) gastropod biogeography of North America. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 19(7):591.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Rohr, D. M., and Boucot, A. J. 1988. Lower Devonian gastropod biogeography of the Western Hemisphere, p. 281–294. In McMillan, N. J., Embry, A. F., and Glass, D. J. (eds.), Devonian of the World. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 14.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Rohr, D. M., and Boucot, A. J. 1990. Early and Middle Devonian gastropod paleobiogeography, p. 277–284. In McKerrow, W. S. and Scotese, C. R. (eds.), Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography. Geological Society (London) Memoir 12.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Rohr, D. M., and Boucot, A. J. 2002. Paleozoic linkages between Alaskan accreted terranes and Siberia, p. 273–291. In Miller, E. L., Grantz, A., and Klemperer, S. L. (eds.), Tectonic Evolution of the Bering Shelf-Chukchi Sea-Arctic Margin and Adjacent Landmasses: Geological Society of America Special Paper 360.Google Scholar
Blodgett, R. B., Rohr, D. M., Measures, E. A., Savage, N. M., Pedder, A. E. H., and Chalmers, R. W. 2000. The Soda Creek Limestone, a new upper Lower Devonian formation in the Medfra quadrangle, west-central Alaska, p. 1–9. In Pinney, D. S. and Kauth, P. K. (eds.), Short Notes on Alaska Geology 1999. Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 119.Google Scholar
Boucot, A. J., and Blodgett, R. B. 2001. Silurian-Devonian biogeography, p. 335–344. In Brunton, C. H. C., Cocks, L. R. M., and Long, S. L. (eds.), Brachiopods Past and Present. The Systematics Association Special Volume Series 63. Taylor and Francis, London and New York.Google Scholar
Chlupáč, I., and Vaněk, J. 1957. Nové nálezy fauny ve vyšších vrstvách koněpruského devonu. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 3:349–351.Google Scholar
Chronic, H. 1952. Molluscan fauna from the Permian Kaibab formation, Walnut Canyon, Arizona. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 63:95–165.Google Scholar
Cook, A. G. 1997. Gastropods from the Burdekin Formation, Middle Devonian, North Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 42:37–49.Google Scholar
Cook, A. G., and Camilleri, N. 1997. Middle Devonian gastropods from the Broken River province, North Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 42:55–79.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R. 1960. Thoughts on the classification of the Gastropoda. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 33:239–261.Google Scholar
Cox, L. R., and Knight, J. B. 1960. Suborders of Archaeogastropoda. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 33:262–264.Google Scholar
Cuvier, G. 1797. Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux, Paris, 710 p.Google Scholar
D'Archiac, E. J. A., and DeVerneuil, E. P. 1841. Note sur le genre Murchisonia. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 1st series, 12:154–160.Google Scholar
Dechen, E. H. C. von. 1832. Faunal list on, p. 533. In De la Beche, H. T. (ed.), Handbuch der Geognosie. Berlin, 612 p.Google Scholar
Decker, J., Bergman, S. C., Blodgett, R. B., Box, S. E., Bundtzen, T. K., Clough, J. G., Coonrad, W. L., Gilbert, W. G., Miller, M. L., Murphy, J. M., Robinson, M. S., and Wallace, W. K. 1994. Geology of southwestern Alaska, p. 285–310. In Plafker, G. and Berg, H. C. (eds.), The Geology of Alaska, The Geology of North America, Volume G-1. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Donald, J. 1898. Observations on the genus Aclisina de Koninck, with descriptions of British species and of some other Carboniferous Gastropoda. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 54:45–72.Google Scholar
Donald, J. 1905. On some Gasteropoda from the Silurian rocks of Llangadock (Caermarthensiure). The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 61:567–578.Google Scholar
D'Orbigny, A. 1850. Prodrome de paléontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnés faisant suite au cours élémentaire de paleontology. Paris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forney, G. G., Boucot, A. J., and Rohr, D. M. 1981. Silurian and Devonian zoogeography of selected molluscan genera, p. 119–164. In Gray, J., Boucot, A. J., and Berry, W. B. N. (eds.), Communities of the Past. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1993. Oldest representative of the family Palaeozygopleuridae (Gastropoda) with notes on its higher taxonomy. Journal of Paleontology, 67:822–827.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1997. Oldest representatives of the superfamily Cirroidea (Vetigastropoda) with notes on their early phylogeny. Journal of Paleontology, 71:839–847.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1998a. Some new and better recognized Devonian gastropods from the Prague Basin (Bohemia). Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 73:41–49.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1998b. Higher classification of the Paleozoic gastropods inferred from their early shell ontogeny, p. 108. In Bieler, R. and Mikkelsen, P. M. (eds.), Abstracts, 13th International Malacological Congress, Unitas Malacologica, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1998c. Some new and better recognized Devonian gastropods from the Prague Basin (Bohemia), Pt. II. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 73:355–363.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1999a. Higher classification of the Paleozoic gastropods inferred from their early shell ontogeny. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 44:137–153.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1999b. Further new gastropods from the Early Devonian Boucotonotus—Palaeozygopleura Community of the Prague Basin. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, 44:317–325.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 1999c. Shape convergence in gastropod shells: an example from the Early Devonian Plectonotus (Boucotonotus)-Palaeozygopleura Community of the Prague Basin (Bohemia). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 83:179–190.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 2000. Some new Givetian (late Middle Devonian) gastropods from the Paffrath area (Bergisches Land, Germany). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 45:359–374.Google Scholar
Frýda, J. 2001. Discovery of a larval shell in Middle Paleozoic subulitoidean gastropods with description of two new species from the Early Devonian of Bohemia. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 76:29–37.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., and Bandel, K. 1997. New Early Devonian gastropods from the Plectonotus (Boucotonotus)-Palaeozygopleura Community in the Prague Basin (Bohemia). Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaeontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 80:1–58.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., and Blodgett, R. B. 1998. Two new cirroidean genera (Vetigastropoda, Archaeogastropoda) from the Emsian (late Early Devonian) of Alaska with notes on the early phylogeny of Cirroidea. Journal of Paleontology, 72:265–273.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., and Blodgett, R. B. 2001a. The oldest known heterobranch gastropod, Kuskokwimia gen. nov., from the Early Devonian of west-central Alaska, with notes on the early phylogeny of higher gastropods. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 76:39–53.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., and Blodgett, R. B. 2001b. Chulitnacula, a new paleobiogeographically distinctive gastropod genus from Upper Triassic strata of accreted terranes of southern Alaska. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, Havlíček volume, 46(3–4):299–306.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., and Manda, Š. 1997. A gastropod faunule from the Monograptus uniformis graptolite Biozone (Early Lochkovian, Early Devonian) in Bohemia. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Palaeontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 80:59–122.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., and Rohr, D. M.In press. Gastropoda. In Webby, B., Droser, M., Paris, F., and Percival, I. (eds.), The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., Blodgett, R. B., and Lenz, A. C. 1999. Early evolution of Cirroidea (Gastropoda) still mysterious, p. 30–31. In Abstracts, 65th Annual Meeting, American Malacological Union, Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., Blodgett, R. B., and Lenz, A. C. 2002. New Early Devonian gastropods from the families Crassimarginatidae (new family) and Scoliostomatidae (new family), Royal Creek area, Yukon Territory, Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 76:244–255.Google Scholar
Frýda, J., Rohr, D. M., Robardet, M., and Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C. 2001. New microdomatid genus (Gastropoda) from Ashgill limestones of Seville (Ossa Morena Zone, Spain) with a revision of Ordovician Microdomatoidea. Alcheringa, Webby Volume, 25:117–127.Google Scholar
Garcia-Alcalde, J., and Blodgett, R. B. 2001. New Lower Devonian (Upper Emsian) Myriospirifer (Brachiopoda, Eospiriferinae) species from Alaska and northern Spain and the paleogeographic distribution of the genus Myriospirifer. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, Havlíček volume, 46:145–154.Google Scholar
Gordon, M., and Yochelson, E. L. 1987. Late Mississippian Gastropods of the Chainman Shale, west-central Utah. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1368:1–112.Google Scholar
Gray, J. E. 1840. Shells of molluscous animals. In Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, 42:105–152.Google Scholar
Gray, J. E. 1850. Catalogue of the Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum, Pt. II, Pteropoda. E. Newman, London, 45 p.Google Scholar
Haszprunar, G. 1985. The Heterobranchia—a new concept of the phylogeny of the higher Gastropoda. Zeitschrift für zool. Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 23:15–37.Google Scholar
Haszprunar, G. 1993. The Archaeogastropoda: a clade, a grade or what else? American Malacological Bulletin, 10:165–177.Google Scholar
Hedegaard, K., Lindberg, D. R., and Bandel, K. 1997. Shell microstructure of a Triassic patellogastropod limpet. Lethaia, 30:331–335.Google Scholar
Heidelberger, D. 2001. Mitteldevonische (Givetische) Gastropoden (Mollusca) aus der Lahnmulde (südliches Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). Geologische Abhandlungen Hessen, Band 106:1–291.Google Scholar
Hickman, C. S. 1988. Archaeogastropod evolution, phylogeny and systematics: a re-evaluation, p. 17–34. In Ponder, W. F. (ed.), Prosobranch Phylogeny, Malacological Review Supplement.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D. 1980. New Pennsylvanian gastropods from Ohio. Journal of Paleontology, 54:1035–1040.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D., and Sturgeon, M. T. 1978. The Pennsylvanian gastropod genera Cyclozyga and Helminthozyga and the classification of the Pseudozygopleuridae. Journal of Paleontology, 52:850–858.Google Scholar
Hoare, R. D., and Sturgeon, M. T. 1980. The Pennsylvanian pseudozygopleurid gastropod genus Gamizyga n. gen. from Ohio and West Virginia. Journal of Paleontology, 54:159–187.Google Scholar
Horný, R. 1955. Palaeozygopleuridae, nov. fam. (Gastropoda), ze středočeského devonu. Sborník Ústředního ústavu geologického, oddíl paleontologický, 21:17–143.Google Scholar
Horný, R. 1991. Episfaxis, Sinistracirsa and Ptychospirina: three invalid generic names of the Palaeozoic Archaeogastropoda (Mollusca). Časopis Národního Muzea, Řada přírodovědná, 157:51.Google Scholar
Horný, R. 1992. New Lower Devonian Gastropoda and Tergomya (Mollusca) of Bohemia. Časopis Národního Muzea, Řada přírodovědná, 159:99–110.Google Scholar
Karczewski, L. 1980. Devonian gastropods from the Góry Sawiętokrzyskie. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego, 323:41–55.Google Scholar
Kirchner, H. S. 1915. Mitteldevonische Gastropoden von Soetenich in der Eifel. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, II:189–261.Google Scholar
Knight, J. B. 1930. The gastropods of the St. Louis, Mo., Pennsylvanian outlier: The Pseudozygopleurinae. Journal of Paleontology, 4:1–88.Google Scholar
Knight, J. B. 1931. The gastropods of the St. Louis, Missouri, Pennsylvanian outlier: Aclisina and Streptacis. Journal of Paleontology, 5:1–14.Google Scholar
Knight, J. B. 1933. The gastropods of the St. Louis, Missouri, Pennsylvanian outlier: V. The Trocho-turbinidae. Journal of Paleontology, 7:30–58.Google Scholar
Knight, J. B. 1937. Genotype designations and new names for invalid homonyms among Paleozoic gastropod genera. Journal of Paleontology, 10:709–714.Google Scholar
Knight, J. B. 1956. New families of Gastropoda. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 46:41–42.Google Scholar
Knight, J. B., Cox, L. R., Keen, A. M., Batten, R. L., Yochelson, E. L., and Robertson, R. 1960. Systematic descriptions, p. I169–I324. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. I, Mollusca 1. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Koken, E. 1889. Ueber die Entwickelung der Gastropoden vom Cambrium bis zur Trias. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaeontologie. Beilageband, 6:306–484.Google Scholar
Koken, E. in Zittel, K. A. von. 1895. Grundzüge der Paläontologie (Paläozoologie), Abhandlungen I, Invertebrata. Oldenburg, München & Leipzig, 971 p.Google Scholar
Kollmann, H. A., and Yochelson, E. L. 1976. Survey of Paleozoic gastropods possibly belonging to the subclass Opisthobranchia. Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museum in Wien, 80:207–220.Google Scholar
Krawczyński, W. 2002. Frasnian gastropod synecology and bio-events in the Dyminy reef complex of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 47:267–288.Google Scholar
Lamont, A. 1946. Some Ashgillian [Ordovician] and Llandovery [Silurian] gastropods from the Girvan district, Scotland. Quarry Managers' Journal, 29:635–644.Google Scholar
Likharev, B. K. 1968. Skafopody i gastropody verkhengo karbona i nizhnei permi yuzhnogo fergany. Nedra, Moscow, 118 p.Google Scholar
Likharev, B. K. 1970. K sistematike pozdnepaleozoiskikh Loxonematacea (Gastropoda). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 1970(3):48–55.Google Scholar
Lindström, G. 1884. On the Silurian Gastropoda and Pteropoda of Gotland. Kongliga Svenska Veternskaps-Akademiens Handlinger. Bandet 19, Number 6, 250 p.Google Scholar
Linsley, R. M. 1968. Gastropods of the Middle Devonian Anderdon Limestone. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 54:333–465.Google Scholar
Marshall, B. A. 1983. Recent and Tertiary Seguenziidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the New Zealand region. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 10:235–262.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B. 1872. Descriptions of new species of fossils from Ohio and other western states and territories. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1871:159–184.Google Scholar
Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H. 1867. Contributions to the palaeontology of Illinois and other Western States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1866:251–275.Google Scholar
Munier-Chalmas, E. 1876. Mollusques nouveaux des terrains paléozoiques des environs de Rennes. Journal de Conchyliologie, 3e series, 16:102–109.Google Scholar
Nützel, A. 1997. Über die Stammesgeschichte der Ptenoglossa (Gastropoda). Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Reihe E, 26, Berlin, 229 pp.Google Scholar
Nützel, A. 2002. An evaluation of the recently proposed Palaeozoic gastropod subclass Euomphalomorpha. Palaeontology, 45:259–266.Google Scholar
Nützel, A., and Bandel, K. 2000. Goniasmidae and Orthonemidae: two new families of the Palaeozoic Caenogastropoda (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Neues Jarhbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 9:557–569.Google Scholar
Nützel, A., and Cook, A. G. 2002. Chlorozyga, a new caenogastropod from the Early Carboniferous of Australia. Alcheringa, 26:151–157.Google Scholar
Nützel, A., Erwin, D. H., and Mapes, R. H. 2000. Identity and phylogeny of the Late Paleozoic Subulitoidea (Gastropoda). Journal of Paleontology, 74:575–598.Google Scholar
Oehlert, D., and Oehlert, P. 1888. Descriptions de quelques espèces dévoniennes du department de la Mayenne. Bulletin de la Société d'Etudes Scientifiques d'Angers, 1887:65–120.Google Scholar
Owen, R. 1859. Palaeontology, p. 91–176. Encyclopedia Britannica (eighth edition). Volume 17. Boston.Google Scholar
Paeckelmann, W. 1922. Der mitteldevonische Massenkalk des Bergischen Landes. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, Neue Folge, Heft 91.Google Scholar
Pan, Hua-Zhang, and Erwin, D. H. 2002. Gastropods from the Permian of Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, South China. The Paleontological Society, Memoir 56, 49 p.Google Scholar
Patton, W. W. Jr. 1978. Juxtaposed continental and oceanic-island arc terranes in the Medfra Quadrangle, west-central Alaska, p. B38–B39. In Johnson, K. M. (ed.), The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 772-B.Google Scholar
Perner, J. 1903, 1907, 1911. Gastéropodes, p. 1–390. In Barrande, J. (ed.), Systême silurien du centre de la Bohême, IV. Prague.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. 1841. Figures and descriptions of the Palaeozoic fossils of Cornwall, Devon, and West Somerset, p. 1–231. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London.Google Scholar
Ponder, W. F., and Lindberg, D. R. 1997. Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119:83–256.Google Scholar
Roemer, C. F. 1876. Lethaea geognostica oder beschreibung und Abbildung der für die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen. 1. Theil. Lethaea palaeozoica, Atlas, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Roemer, F. A. 1843. Die Versteinerungen des Harzgebirges. Hahn'schen Hofbuchhandlung, Hannover, 40 p.Google Scholar
Rollins, H. B., Eldredge, N., and Spiller, J. 1971. Gastropoda and Monoplacophora of the Solville member (Middle Devonian, Marcellus Formation) in the Chenango Valley, New York State. Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, 144, 2:129–170.Google Scholar
Salter, J. W. 1859. Figures and descriptions of Canadian organic remains. Geological Survey, Montreal, 46 p.Google Scholar
Salvini-Plawen, L. v., and Haszprunar, G. 1987. The Vetigastropoda and the systematics of streptoneurous gastropods (Mollusca). Journal of Zoology, A 211:747–770.Google Scholar
Salvini-Plawen, L. v., and Steiner, G. 1996. Synapomorphies and plesiomorphies in higher classification of Mollusca, p. 29–51. In Taylor, J. D. (ed.), Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca. Oxford University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Swainson, W. 1840. A Treatise on Malacology; or, Shells and Shell Fish. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, 419 p.Google Scholar
Talent, J. A., Mawson, R., Simpson, A. J., and Brock, G. A. 2002. Palaeozoics of NE Queensland: Broken River region, Post-5 Field Excursion Guidebook, International Palaeontological Congress 2002, 54 p.Google Scholar
Tassell, C. B. 1982. Gastropods from the Early Devonian “Receptaculites” Limestone, Taemas, New South Wales. Records of the Queen Victoria Museum, 77:1–59.Google Scholar
Thein, M. L., and Nitecki, M. H. 1974. Chesterian (Upper Mississippian) Gastropoda of the Illinois basin. Fieldiana, Geology, 34, 238 p.Google Scholar
Thiele, J. 1925. Mollusca-Weichtiere, p. 15–96. In Kükenthal, W. (ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie, Fünfter Band, Erste Hälfte, Erste Lieferung. Berlin and Leipzig.Google Scholar
Vostokova, V. A. 1966. Devonskie i kamennougolnye bryukhonogie mollyuski Rudnogo Altaya. Voprosy Paleontologii, Izdatelstvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, Tom 5:38–52.Google Scholar
Wanner, C. 1942. Neue Beitraege zur Gastropodenfauna des Perm von Timor. Geol. Exped. Lesser Sunda Islands (Amsterdam, Univ.), 4:133–203.Google Scholar
Wenz, W. 1938. Gastropoda. Teil 1: Allgemeiner Teil und Prosobrachia, p. 1–240. In Schindewolf, O. H. (ed.), Handbuch der Paläozoologie, Band 6. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.Google Scholar
Wilson, A. E. 1951. Gastropoda and Conularida of the Ottawa Formation of the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Lowland, Canada. Geological Survey Bulletin, 17, 149 p.Google Scholar
Yoo, E. K. 1994. Early Carboniferous Gastropoda from the Tamworth Belt, New South Wales, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, 46:63–120.Google Scholar