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Saetaspongia sponges from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Formation of Guizhou, China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2021

Chenchen Ling ,
Jin Peng ,
Hui Zhang ,
Yifan Wang ,
Yunbin Shao ,
Quanyi Sun  and
Qiujun Wang Open the ORCID record for Qiujun Wang [Opens in a new window]
Chenchen Ling
Affiliation:
Guizhou Research Centre for Palaeontology & College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550000, China , , <724291335@qq.com>, , <1072515755@qq.com>, <1457775228@qq.com>, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang550000, China
Jin Peng
Affiliation:
Guizhou Research Centre for Palaeontology & College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550000, China , , <724291335@qq.com>, , <1072515755@qq.com>, <1457775228@qq.com>, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang550000, China
Hui Zhang
Affiliation:
Guizhou Research Centre for Palaeontology & College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550000, China , , <724291335@qq.com>, , <1072515755@qq.com>, <1457775228@qq.com>,
Yifan Wang
Affiliation:
Guizhou Research Centre for Palaeontology & College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550000, China , , <724291335@qq.com>, , <1072515755@qq.com>, <1457775228@qq.com>,
Yunbin Shao
Affiliation:
Guizhou Research Centre for Palaeontology & College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550000, China , , <724291335@qq.com>, , <1072515755@qq.com>, <1457775228@qq.com>,
Quanyi Sun
Affiliation:
Guizhou Research Centre for Palaeontology & College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550000, China , , <724291335@qq.com>, , <1072515755@qq.com>, <1457775228@qq.com>,
Qiujun Wang
Affiliation:
Guizhou Research Centre for Palaeontology & College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang550000, China , , <724291335@qq.com>, , <1072515755@qq.com>, <1457775228@qq.com>, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang550000, China
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Abstract

Saetaspongia so far cannot be confidently assigned to any class-level crown group. Clarifying its phylogenetic position requires new information provided by more detailed studies of previously described and/or new material. Some sponge fossils with the typical skeletal architecture of Saetaspongia have recently been recognized in the Cambrian (Stage 4) Balang Biota of Guizhou, China, including S. jianhensis new species and S. cf. S. densa. The new taxon is characterized by the following features: spicules are fine monaxons and are inclined to be loosely to densely arranged into plumose arrays; skeleton is composed primarily of one major plumose bundle, with an uncertain number (perhaps two) of small plumose arrays; and primary skeleton is occasionally interspersed with some irregularly oriented individual spicules. An additional specimen consisting of large monaxons, with plumose structures and overlying irregular coarse monaxons, closely fits the description and illustrations of previously described S. cf. S. densa. By combining information from previous studies and the present research, fossil evidence indicates that the plumose architecture is a critical feature diagnostic of Saetaspongia and that there are no hexactine-based spicules in this genus. The new material from the Balang Biota further supports the notion that Saetaspongia has a protomonaxonid rather than a hexactinellid affinity. Fossil evidence suggests that Saetaspongia had a wide biogeographic distribution during the early Cambrian and the stratigraphic distribution of this genus extends up to Stage 4.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/e9ca5e4a-134c-4daa-9266-19085e32614f.

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Journal of Paleontology , Volume 95 , Issue 5 , September 2021 , pp. 944 - 956
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Paleontological Society

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