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Ion transport and electrochemical tuning of Fermi level in single-wall carbon nanotubes: In situ Raman scattering

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

S. Gupta
S. Gupta*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65897; and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-3856
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: guptas@missouri.edu
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Abstract

The in situ Raman spectroscopy technique was used to investigate the ion transport and to determine the concomitant electrochemical tuning of Fermi level in single-wall carbon nanotubes. The variation of structural bonding in a single-wall carbon nanotube bundle dipped in aqueous alkaline earth halide electrolyte such as CaCl2 with electrochemical biasing was monitored. This is because Raman scattering can detect changes in C–C bond length through radial breathing mode (RBM) at ∼184 cm−1, which varies inversely with the nanotube diameter and the G band at ∼1590 cm−1, varying with the axial bond length. Consistent reversible and substantial variation in Raman intensity of both modes was induced by electrode potential point at the fine and continuous tuning (alternatively, emptying/depleting or filling) of the specific bonding and anti-bonding molecular states. Qualitatively, the results were explained in terms of changes in the energy gap occurring between the one-dimensional van Hove singularities present in the electron density of states, possibly arising due to the alterations in the overlap integral of π bonds between the p orbitals of the adjacent carbon atoms. We estimated the extent of variation of the absolute potential of the Fermi level and overlap integral (γ0) between the nearest-neighbor carbon atoms by modeling the electrochemical potential dependence of Raman intensity. Observations also suggested that the work function of the tube becomes larger for the metallic nanotubes in contrast to the simultaneously present semiconducting nanotubes.

Keywords

Energy-storageNanoscaleRaman spectroscopy
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , March 2007 , pp. 603 - 614
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

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