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Do constitutions guarantee equal rights across socioeconomic status? A half century of change in the world's constitutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2020

Adèle Cassola ,
Amy Raub  and
Jody Heymann
Adèle Cassola*
Affiliation:
UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Amy Raub
Affiliation:
UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jody Heymann
Affiliation:
UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Email: adele.cassola@columbia.edu
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Abstract

For those disadvantaged by bias and barriers based on socioeconomic status (SES), constitutions can provide a defense against discrimination and a foundation for greater equality in social, economic, and political life. In light of the near-global commitment to a multi-dimensional poverty reduction agenda and the increased inclusion of marginalized groups in constitution-drafting processes, this article examines how 193 constitutions address SES and how this has changed over time. The majority of constitutions guarantee equal access to primary education across SES (59%) and prohibit discrimination on this basis (58%). Fewer guarantee access to healthcare (20%), equal rights in employment (15%), eligibility for legislative office (4%), and voting rights (4%) across SES. Constitutions adopted after 1990 are considerably more likely to protect equal rights across SES than older ones. However, 25% of constitutions – including 17% of those adopted since 1990 – restrict political participation based on socioeconomic characteristics.

Keywords

socioeconomic statussocioeconomic positionequal rightsconstitutional rightssocioeconomic inequality
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy , Volume 32 , Issue 3 , October 2016 , pp. 235 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

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