Two specimens of this fluke were collected from the nictitating membrane of the Steppe Eagle, Aquila nipalensis Hudson, shot near the lake Chinhut, about 5 miles from Lucknow, U.P.

The body.(Fig. 1) is aspinose, flattened and clavate with a narrow anterior and a broadly rounded posterior end. It measures 4·5–5·9 mm. in length and 1·5–1·8 mm. in maximum width in the middle region. The oral sucker is terminal measuring 0·33–0·36 mm. X 0·47–0·49 mm. The ventral sucker is larger than the oral sucker, situated at the level of the division of. the anterior and middle-thirds of the body, and about 1·14 mm. from the anterior extremity. It measures 0·56–0·61 mm. X 0·52–0·54 mm.

95 laboratory bred mice were given orally 5 encysted metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica each and allowed to carry the infection for a minimum of 25 days so as to provide data bearing on the growth of flukes for about 10 days before the attainment of maturity and for some weeks after maturity. The results of these experiments indicate that the 4th and 5th weeks of infection represent a critical time for both the host and the parasite. Some experiments failed, probably on account of the small number of cysts used, and many hosts died during the critical period as a result of damage to the liver, but 60 flukes developed in 34 mice. The time required for the attainment of maturity was confirmed as 35–36 days, and 32 of the flukes from 17 hosts were laying their eggs for periods up to about 14 weeks.

A new species of Brugia, from the lymphatic glands of dogs in Ceylon, is described. It is closely related to B. patei (Buckley, Nelson and Heisch, 1958).

Also from dogs in Ceylon, a species of Dipetalonema was recovered whose relationship with other species of Dipetalonema is discussed. In the absence of conclusive evidence that it is a distinct species it is for the present regarded as a species inquirenda.

1.The common filarial parasite of cattle in Africa, Setaria labiatopapillosa, has been shown to develop in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Third stage larvae reached maturity between the 8th and 10th days.

2.To avoid feeding mosquitoes on cattle new techniques were developed. Monkeys and rabbits were infected by transplanting adult living Setaria into then peritoneal cavities. Monkeys, rabbits and rats were also infected by either intraperitoneal or intravenous injections of suspensions of microfilariae extracted from the uteri of adult worms.

3.Mosquitoes fed on these substitute hosts were readily infected with the Setaria.

4.Mosquitoes were also infected by feeding them on a suspension of microfilariae through membranes of guineapig omentum; the microfilariae were extracted from the uteri of adult worms and suspended in fresh defibrinated rabbit's blood.

A few mosquitoes were infected by intrathoracic injections of uterine microfilariae.

1.In Kenya Dipetalonema reconditum is a common parasite of dogs, jackals and hyaenas. Usually microfilarial densities in the blood are very low. The adult worms are small; they can be detected at autopsy by searching the subcutaneous fascial spaces with a dissecting microscope.

2.The morphology of the adult worms is described and illustrated. The adults and microfilariae are readily distinguished from other species found in dogs in East Africa.

3.The main intermediate host of D. reconditum in dogs in Kenya is the flea Ctenocephalides felis. If fleas are kept on dogs for more than a week they can be used for xenodiagnosis to detect very low density infections.

4.The infective larvae have a characteristic caudal morphology with three terminal projections. They are very similar to the infective larvae of D. arbuta, D. vite and D. manson-bahri.

A single female specimen of Dirofilaria subgenus Nochtiella was recovered from a painless firm lump above the right eyebrow in the frontalis muscle of a European who had recently visited Nigeria.

The incidence of aortic onchocerciasis was investigated by examining 167 aortas of adult cattle; of these 165 were positive for parasites and nodules.

Five young calves, aged between 3 and 6 months did not reveal any aortic infection, indicating that the infection is seen in adult animals mostly.

The affected aortas are invariably sclerosed, the degree of sclerosis being dependent on the degree of infestation; and the aortic nodules containing worms and microfilariae are seen on both sides but those on the outer wall mostly undergo degeneration and subsequent calcification while the nodules on the inner aspect permit the passage of microfilariae into the circulation.

A solitary male and two females were collected from the Indian Sand-Martin, Riparia paludicola brevicaudata. The male worm was present in the lumen, and the blood red females were embedded in cysts formed in the walls of the proventriculus.

The immunology of Ascaris suum was studied in vitro using the fluorescent antibody technique. Fluorescein isothiocyanate labelling of globulin was used in the direct and indirect method and by a combination of both methods.

Fluorescein labelled antibody was incorporated into precipitates at the mouth, excretory pore, anus and on the cuticle of third stage larvae.

The possible intercuticular localization of fluorescent antibody in moulting larvae and fluorescence of the ends of broken larvae were further observed.

Circumlarval precipitates did not form nor did the larvae fluoresce in normal serum.

The results indicate (1) that antigenic sites are located at the natural orifices and cuticle and (2) that the dead internal tissues and possibly the moulting substance are also antigenic.