The African schistosomes fall naturally into two main groups of sibling species, the S. haematobium complex and the S. mansonil S. rodhaini group. Morphological differentiation of the species within each group depends on small differences in the eggs but in many cases there are clear biological differences in definitive and intermediate host specificity and in parasitic site within the host, and these criteria serve to strengthen a classification based on egg morphology. Nevertheless, many authors have disputed the validity

Chand ler (1925) described Echinochasmus perfoliatns as a common parasite of Indian dogs in Calcutta. Bhalerao (1936) reported its occurrence in cats of Calcutta and Mukteswar and Patnaik (1959) in dogs of Orissa. Maplestone and Bhaduri (1940) reported Echinochasmus sp. from dogs in Calcutta. Gupta and Pand e (19G3) mentioned that Echinochasmus is represented in Indian carnivores by three species: E. perfoliatns, E. corvus (Syn. E. caninum) and E. canai.

Asexual multiplication in Cysticercus pisifortnis (Bloch, 1780) was first described by Moniez (1880). This observation was refuted by Solomon (1934) as being “erroneous or descriptive of an isolated or abnormal phenomenon”. Several years later, Crusz (1948) confirmed the observations of Moniez (1880). Voge (1967) did not mention asexual reproduction in this species in her review on postembryonic development of cestodes.

Two new species belonging to two different families of the super-family Aphelenchoidea are described. The material was obtained from the roots of tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum.

The worms were killed by hot water, fixed in F.A.A. solution, cleared in 1% glycerine alcohol mixture and mounted in pure glycerine.

Macrogyrodactylus polypteri Malmberg, 1957* is a viviparous monogenean found on the skin and fins of the African freshwater fish Polypterus senegalus Cuvier. It was first reported by Malmberg (1957) from Gambia. Khalil (1964, 19G9) and Amirthalingam (19C5) recorded it on the same host species and Saoud & Mageed (1969) found it on P. bichir in the Sudan. Prudhoe (1957) described a new genus and species, Neogyrodactylus congolensis, on the skin of Clarias lazera from the Congo but Yamaguti (1963) considered this genus to be a synonym of Macrogyrodactylus. A third species, M. clarii Gussev, 1961 was reported on Clarias sp. from south Ethiopia and Ghana. On the basis of one specimen M. latest Paperna, 1969 was reported on Lates nilotica from Ghana. So far the species of the genus are confined to African freshwater fishes.

The specimens described herein were collected by one of us (M.A.R.) from the stomach of Rana esculenta in Al-Basrah, Iraq. After fixation in 70% alcohol and staining in Gower's carmine, they were found to be a hitherto undescribed species of the genus Halipegus Looss, 1899 which is named here as Halipegus alhaussaini n.sp. in the honour of the late Professor A. H. Al Haussaini; Formerly Head, Department of Zoology, University of Ain Shams, U.A.R. for his distinguished contributions to the study of zoology in Egypt.

It has not been easy to study the rate at which female Trichinella spiralis produce their offspring. Phillipson and Kershaw (1961) described a method of repeatedly grinding and washing infected muscle to collect immature larvae so that one could determine the number of larvae born by the time the animal was killed but their method is unsuitable for dealing with the large number of animals that would be needed for a thorough study of this aspect of the infection. We have sought a method of studying this important factor in the host-parasite relationship.

The trematodes of this report were killed in hot water, transferred immediately to Lavdowsky's FAA fixative for 24 hours, and then stored in 70% alcohol plus 2% glycerine. Whole mounts were stained in Mayer's carmalum and mounted in permount. Specimens have been deposited in the U.S. National Museum Helminthological Collection as indicated. All measurements are in microns (ftm).