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Essential oils from Ocimum basilicum cultivars: analysis of their composition and determination of the effect of the major compounds on Haemonchus contortus eggs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 March 2021

A.I.P. Sousa ,
C.R. Silva ,
H.N. Costa-Júnior ,
N.C.S. Silva ,
J.A.O. Pinto ,
A.F. Blank ,
A.M.S. Soares  and
L.M. Costa-Júnior Open the ORCID record for L.M. Costa-Júnior [Opens in a new window]
A.I.P. Sousa
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
C.R. Silva
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
H.N. Costa-Júnior
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
N.C.S. Silva
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
J.A.O. Pinto
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
A.F. Blank
Affiliation:
Agronomy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
A.M.S. Soares
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
L.M. Costa-Júnior*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: L.M. Costa-Júnior, E-mail: livio.martins@ufma.br
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Abstract

The continuous use of synthetic anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) has resulted in the increased resistance, which is why alternative methods are being sought, such as the use of natural products. Plant essential oils (EOs) have been considered as potential products for the control of GINs. However, the chemical composition and, consequently, the biological activity of EOs vary in different plant cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of EOs from cultivars of Ocimum basilicum L. and that of their major constituents against Haemonchus contortus. The EOs from 16 cultivars as well the pure compound linalool, methyl chavicol, citral and eugenol were used in the assessment of the inhibition of H. contortus egg hatch. In addition, the composition of three cultivars was simulated using a combination of the two major compounds from each. The EOs from different cultivars showed mean Inhibition Concentration (IC50) varying from 0.56 to 2.22 mg/mL. The cultivar with the highest egg-hatch inhibition, Napoletano, is constituted mainly of linalool and methyl chavicol. Among the individual compounds tested, citral was the most effective (IC50 0.30 mg/mL). The best combination of compounds was obtained with 11% eugenol plus 64% linalool (IC50 0.44 mg/mL), simulating the Italian Large Leaf (Richters) cultivar. We conclude that different cultivars of O. basilicum show different anthelmintic potential, with cultivars containing linalool and methyl chavicol being the most promising; and that citral or methyl chavicol isolated should also be considered for the development of new anthelmintic formulations.

Keywords

Nematodescultivarsterpenes
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 95 , 2021 , e17
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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