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The conclusion here reached, regarding the government of the Aegean under Ptolemy II, is as follows. The sea and all the Egyptian fleets were under the sole control of one nauarchos or admiral; he had, in addition, the powers that would have been exercised by the strategos or general of the Islands, had one existed; the two offices together made him almost a viceroy of the Sea, and he exercised a general control over the Islands. As the islands gradually passed from Egypt, it is possible that the office of nauarch remained attached to the strategia of those that remained: when this strategia finally vanished and Egypt retired from the Aegean, the office of nauarch became attached to another strategia, that of Cyprus. The nesiarch, on the other hand, had no military authority and very little power; he was the Ptolemaic Resident.
I will take the nesiarch first.
We know of three; (1) Bacchon son of Nicetas, a Boeotian, about 280, a contemporary of Philocles, king of the Sidonians; (2) Hermias, possibly of Halicarnassus, who founded the festival at Delos in honour of Arsinoe Philadelphos, afterwards known as the Philadelpheia, the first vase of which appears under the archon Meilichides II. (267), and who therefore was probably Bacchon's successor; and (3) Apollodorus son of Apollonius of Cyzicus, who was a private person in 279, and was nesiarch some time later, and who probably succeeded Hermias, though it is also conceivable that he may have preceded him.
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References
2 B.C.H. 34 (1910), p. 363, No. 10, decree of Delos in honour ῾Ερμίαν Δ. . . . ου ῾Αλικαρνασσέα (circ. 260), who may perhaps be the nesiarch. His title nesiarch from Demares B. 1. 71 (Dittenb., Syll. 2588)Google Scholar.
3 Schulhof, E., B.C.H. 32 (1908), pp. 106Google Scholar, 114.
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6 Rev. Phil. 20, p. 112.
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10 I.G. xii. 5 (ii), 1065.
11 B.C.H. 1894, p. 400, with Holleaux' commentary.
12 I.G. xii. 5 (ii), 1004=Dittenb. O.G.I. 773.
13 von Prott, H., Rhein. Mus. 53 (1898), p. 460Google Scholar; see Bouché-Leclercq, , Hist. des Lagides, vol. iv., add. to vol. i. 155Google Scholar. See further as to date, Werner König, l.c. 20: and it may be noted that offerings both of Philocles and Bacchon at Delos appear in the inventory of Hypsocles, 279.
14 See Graindor's, commentary, B.C.H. 30 (1906), p. 92Google Scholar.
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16 Καταλειφθεὶς ὑπὸ Βάκχωνος means just ‘left,’ and not ‘the delegate of’; see Dittenberger, ad loc. Unnecessary difficulty has been caused by the introduction of the idea of delegation.
17 Known from a decree of Thera, , I.G. xii. 3, 1291Google Scholar. The name is not certain.
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21 Dittenb., O.G.I. 29Google Scholar.
22 Ib. Add. et Corr. ii. p. 539.
23 Paus. i, 1, 1.
24 Hibeh Pap. 1 (1906), No. 99: B.C. 270 (269). That the Patroclus son of Patron, here mentioned is the future nauarch seems certain. Patroclus is not a common name at this time; and though there are several other instances of Patron, the conjunction of the two is most unlikely to be a coincidence. This priesthood was held by persons of importance, even by members of the royal house; Menelaos, son of Lagos, brother of Ptolemy I and his general in Cyprus in 306, held it for 5 years; Hibeh Pap. 84 a, Elephantine Papyri (1907) No. 2 (p. 24), with O. Rubensohn's commentary.
25 The first, given Ath 7, 318 b, is well known. The other, from a papyrus, is not so often quoted; I therefore give the material lines. (Published by Weil, H. in Monuments Grecs for 1879, p. 31)Google Scholar. The temple speaks:—
1. 4. Ενθα με Καλλικράτης ίδρύσατο καὶ βασιλίσσης
ίερὸν ᾿Αρσινόης Κύπριδος ὠνόμασεν.
᾿Αλλ᾿ ἐπὶ τὴν Ζεφυρῖτιν ἀκουσομένην ᾿Αφροδίτην
῾Ελλήνων ἁγναὶ βαίνετε θυγατέρες,
οἴ θ᾿ ἁλὸς ἐργάται ἄνδρες ὁ γὰρ ναύαρχος ἔθηκεν
τοῦθ᾿ ἱερὸν παντὸς κύματος εὐλίμενον.
Poseidippos was a contemporary of Zeno and Cleanthes, living at Alexandria. What πρῶτος ὁ ναύαρχος θήκατο Καλλικράτης (in No. 1) means is obscure. It cannot mean that Calicrates only began the temple, seeing, that he named it (No. 2, 1. 5). Perhaps it means, that it was the first temple erected to the worship of Arsinoe.
26 Cited by Homolle, , Archives, p. 38Google Scholar, n. 5.— Hypsocles (279), Michel, 833 = B.C.H. 1890, p. 389Google Scholar. Sosisthenes (250), B.C.H. 1903, p. 62. Charilas (269), unpublished; will be I.G. xi. 203, as Professor P. Dürrbach kindly informs me.
27 Diod. xx. 21, 1.
28 Dittenb., O.G.I. 20Google Scholar. This inscription cannot fall before 306, as Ptolemy is βασιλεύς From 306 to 295 Cyprus belonged to Demetrius; it is therefore later than 295. At the same time Berenice is not yet βασίλισσα as she must have got the title when her son was recognised as heir, it cannot be very long after 295.
29 Roussel, P. and Hatzfeld, J., B.C.H. 1909, p. 480Google Scholar.
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31 Plin., N.H. 34, 138Google Scholar; 36, 68; 37, 108. See Beloch, , Griech. Gesch. iii. 1, 374Google Scholar, n. 1.
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33 B.C.H. 24 (1900), p. 225, No. 5, 1.
34 Meyer, P. M., Heerwesen, p. 17Google Scholar; Bouché-Leclercq, , Hist. des Lagides, iv. pp. 11Google Scholarseq.
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36 The ‘amicus Antiochus’ of Jerome on Dan. xi. 8.
37 Refs. in Meyer, l.c.
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48 Decree of Carthaea, , I.G. XII. 5Google Scholar, ii. 1065.
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50 Dittenb., Syll. 2209Google Scholar.
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53 Dittenb., O.G.I. 44Google Scholar.
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