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Turbulent entrainment in viscoelastic fluids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2022

Hugo Abreu Open the ORCID record for Hugo Abreu [Opens in a new window] ,
Fernando T. Pinho Open the ORCID record for Fernando T. Pinho [Opens in a new window]  and
Carlos B. da Silva Open the ORCID record for Carlos B. da Silva [Opens in a new window]
Hugo Abreu
Affiliation:
LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Fernando T. Pinho
Affiliation:
CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Carlos B. da Silva*
Affiliation:
LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
*
†Email address for correspondence: carlos.silva@tecnico.ulisboa.pt
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Abstract

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent fronts spreading into an irrotational flow region are used to analyse the turbulent entrainment mechanism for viscoelastic fluids. The simulations use the FENE-P fluid model and are initiated from DNS of isotropic turbulence with Weissenberg and turbulence Reynolds numbers varying in the ranges $1.30 \le Wi \le 3.46$ and $206 \le Re_{\lambda }^{0} \le 404$, respectively. The enstrophy dynamics near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) layer, that separates regions of turbulent and irrotational flow, includes a new mechanism – the viscoelastic production – caused by the interaction between the vorticity field and the polymer stresses. This term can be a sink or a source of enstrophy in the turbulent core region of the flow, depending on the Weissenberg number, and contributes to the initial growth of the enstrophy in the viscous superlayer, together with the viscous diffusion, which is the only mechanism present for Newtonian fluids. For low and moderate Weissenberg numbers the scaling of the TNTI layer is similar to the scaling of TNTI layers for Newtonian fluids, but this is no longer the case at high Weissenberg numbers where the enstrophy tends to be concentrated into thin vortex sheets instead of vortex tubes. Finally, it is shown that the substantial decrease of the entrainment rates observed in turbulent flows of viscoelastic fluids, compared with Newtonian fluids, is caused by a reduction of the surface area and fractal dimension of the irrotational boundary, originated by the depletion of ‘active’ scales of motion in the fluid solvent caused by the viscoelasticity.

JFM classification

Non-Newtonian Flows: Viscoelasticity Turbulent Flows: Shear layer turbulence Turbulent Flows: Turbulence simulation
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 934 , 10 March 2022 , A36
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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