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Perturbation analysis of baroclinic torque in low-Mach-number flows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2021

Shengqi Zhang ,
Zhenhua Xia Open the ORCID record for Zhenhua Xia [Opens in a new window]  and
Shiyi Chen
Shengqi Zhang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
Zhenhua Xia*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, and Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
Shiyi Chen*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: xiazh@zju.edu.cn, chensy@sustech.edu.cn
†Email addresses for correspondence: xiazh@zju.edu.cn, chensy@sustech.edu.cn
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Abstract

In this paper, we propose a series expansion of the baroclinic torque in low-Mach-number flows, so that the accuracy and universality of any buoyancy term could be examined analytically, and new types of buoyancy terms could be constructed and validated. We first demonstrate that the purpose of introducing a buoyancy term is to approximate the baroclinic torque, and straightforwardly the error of any buoyancy term could be defined with the deviation of its curl from the corresponding baroclinic torque. Then a regular perturbation method is introduced for the elliptic equation of the hydrodynamic pressure in low-Mach-number flows, resulting in a sequence of Poisson equations, whose solutions lead to the series representation of the baroclinic torque and the new types of buoyancy terms. It is found that the frame invariance of the momentum equation is maintained with one of the new types of buoyancy terms. With the error definition of buoyancy terms and the series representation of the baroclinic torque, the validity and accuracy of previous and new buoyancy terms are examined. Finally, numerical simulations confirm that, with a decreasing density variation or an increasing order of our new buoyancy term, the simplified equations can converge to the original low-Mach-number equations.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Compressible Flows Convection: Convection
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 930 , 10 January 2022 , A4
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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