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On the motion of multiple helical vortices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2001

D. H. WOOD
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
J. BOERSMA
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and Computing Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

Abstract

The analysis of the self-induced velocity of a single helical vortex (Boersma & Wood 1999) is extended to include equally spaced multiple vortices. This arrangement approximates the tip vortices in the far wake of multi-bladed wind turbines, propellers, or rotors in ascending, descending, or hovering flight. The problem is reduced to finding, from the Biot–Savart law, the additional velocity of a helix due to an identical helix displaced azimuthally. The resulting Biot–Savart integral is further reduced to a Mellin–Barnes integral representation which allows the asymptotic expansions to be determined for small and for large pitch. The Biot–Savart integral is also evaluated numerically for a total of two, three and four vortices over a range of pitch values. The previous finding that the self-induced velocity at small pitch is dominated by a term inversely proportional to the pitch carries over to multiple vortices. It is shown that a far wake dominated by helical tip vortices is consistent with the one-dimensional representation that leads to the Betz limit on the power output of wind turbines. The small-pitch approximation then allows the determination of the blade&s bound vorticity for optimum power extraction. The present analysis is shown to give reasonable estimates for the vortex circulation in experiments using a single hovering rotor and a four-bladed propeller.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2001 Cambridge University Press

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