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How do the finite-size particles modify the drag in Taylor–Couette turbulent flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2022

Cheng Wang Open the ORCID record for Cheng Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Lei Yi Open the ORCID record for Lei Yi [Opens in a new window] ,
Linfeng Jiang Open the ORCID record for Linfeng Jiang [Opens in a new window]  and
Chao Sun Open the ORCID record for Chao Sun [Opens in a new window]
Cheng Wang
Affiliation:
Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Lei Yi
Affiliation:
Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Linfeng Jiang
Affiliation:
Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
Chao Sun*
Affiliation:
Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: chaosun@tsinghua.edu.cn
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Abstract

We experimentally investigate the drag modification by neutrally buoyant finite-size particles with various aspect ratios in a Taylor–Couette (TC) turbulent flow. The current Reynolds number, $Re$, ranges from $6.5\times 10^3$ to $2.6\times 10^4$, and the particle volume fraction, $\varPhi$, is up to $10\,\%$. Particles with three kinds of aspect ratio, $\lambda$, are used: $\lambda =1/3$ (oblate), $\lambda =1$ (spherical) and $\lambda =3$ (prolate). Unlike the case of bubbly TC flow (van Gils et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 722, 2013, pp. 317–347; Verschoof et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 117, issue 10, 2016, p. 104502), we find that the suspended finite-size particles increase the drag of the TC system regardless of their aspect ratios. The overall drag of the system increases with increasing $Re$, which is consistent with the literature. In addition, the normalized friction coefficient, $c_{f,\varPhi }/c_{f,\varPhi =0}$, decreases with increasing $Re$, the reason could be that in the current low volume fractions the turbulent stress becomes dominant at higher $Re$. The particle distributions along the radial direction of the system are obtained by performing optical measurements at $\varPhi =0.5\,\%$ and $\varPhi = 2\,\%$. As $Re$ increases, the particles distribute more evenly in the entire system, which results from both the greater turbulence intensity and the more pronounced finite-size effects of the particles at higher $Re$. Moreover, it is found that the variation of the particle aspect ratios leads to different particle collective effects. The suspended spherical particles, which tend to cluster near the walls and form a particle layer, significantly affect the boundary layer and result in maximum drag modification. The minimal drag modification is found in the oblate case, where the particles preferentially cluster in the bulk region, and, thus, the particle layer is absent. Based on the optical measurement results, it can be concluded that, in the low volume fraction ranges ($\varPhi =0.5\,\%$ and $\varPhi = 2\,\%$ here), the larger drag modification is connected to the near-wall particle clustering. The present findings suggest that the particle shape plays a significant role in drag modification, and the collective behaviours of rigid particles provide clues to understand the bubbly drag reduction.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Turbulent Flows: Turbulent convection
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 937 , 25 April 2022 , A15
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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