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Entrapping an impacting particle at a liquid–gas interface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2018

Han Chen ,
Hao-Ran Liu ,
Xi-Yun Lu Open the ORCID record for Xi-Yun Lu [Opens in a new window]  and
Hang Ding Open the ORCID record for Hang Ding [Opens in a new window]
Han Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Hao-Ran Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Xi-Yun Lu
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Hang Ding*
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
*
†Email address for correspondence: hding@ustc.edu.cn
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Abstract

We numerically investigate the mechanism leading to the entrapment of spheres at the gas–liquid interface after impact. Upon impact onto a liquid pool, a hydrophobic sphere is seen to follow one of the three regimes identified in the experiment (Lee & Kim, Langmuir, vol. 24, 2008, pp. 142–145): sinking, bouncing or being entrapped at the interface. It is important to understand the role of wettability in this process of flow–structure interaction with dynamic wetting, and in particular, to what extent the wettability can determine whether the sphere is entrapped at the interface. For this purpose, a diffuse-interface immersed boundary method is adopted in the numerical simulations. We expand the parameter space considered previously, provide the phase diagrams and identify the key phenomena in the impact dynamics. Then, we propose the scaling models to interpret the critical conditions for the occurrence of sphere entrapment, accounting for the wettability of the sphere. The models are shown to provide a good correlation among the impact inertia of the drop, the surface tension, the wettability and the density ratio of the sphere to the liquid.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Capillary waves Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines Interfacial Flows (free surface): Interfacial Flows (free surface)
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 841 , 25 April 2018 , pp. 1073 - 1084
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Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

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