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Characteristics of acoustic and hydrodynamic waves in under-expanded supersonic impinging jets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2020

Shahram Karami Open the ORCID record for Shahram Karami [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel Edgington-Mitchell Open the ORCID record for Daniel Edgington-Mitchell [Opens in a new window] ,
Vassilis Theofilis Open the ORCID record for Vassilis Theofilis [Opens in a new window]  and
Julio Soria Open the ORCID record for Julio Soria [Opens in a new window]
Shahram Karami*
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne3800, Australia
Daniel Edgington-Mitchell
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne3800, Australia
Vassilis Theofilis
Affiliation:
School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, LiverpoolL69 7ZX, UK
Julio Soria
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne3800, Australia
*
†Email address for correspondence: shahram.karami@monash.edu
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Abstract

In this study large-eddy simulations of under-expanded supersonic impinging jets are performed to develop a better understanding of the characteristics of the acoustic and hydrodynamic waves. Time history, dispersion relation and autocorrelation of the velocity and pressure fluctuations are used to investigate the propagation velocity, time and length scales of the dominant flow structures in the shear layer and near field. The mechanism by which the initial high-frequency instabilities change to low-frequency coherent structures within a short distance is investigated utilising Mach energy norm and linear spatial instability analysis with streamwise varying mean flow profiles. It is shown that the hydrodynamic and acoustic wavepackets have different propagation velocities and length scales while having a similar dominant frequency. It is also observed that the hydrodynamic wavepackets form approximately one jet diameter downstream of the nozzle lip. No evidence has been found to support the ‘collective interactive’ mechanism proposed by Ho & Nosseir (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 105, 1981, pp. 119–142). The ‘vortex pairing’ proposed by Winant & Browand (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 63, 1974, pp. 237–255) is observed near the nozzle; however, it has an insignificant role in the sharp reduction of the most unstable frequency of disturbances. Nonetheless, both Mach energy norm and linear spatial instability analyses show that the most unstable frequency of disturbances decreases rapidly in a very short distance from the nozzle lip in the near-nozzle region through the spatial growth of instabilities where the linear instability analysis overpredicts the frequency of the most unstable instabilities downstream of the nozzle.

JFM classification

Aerodynamics: High-speed flow Turbulent Flows: Shear layer turbulence Wakes/Jets: Jets
Type
JFM Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 905 , 25 December 2020 , A34
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© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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