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An experimental study of turbulent vortex rings in superfluid 4He

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2020

P. Švančara Open the ORCID record for P. Švančara [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Pavelka Open the ORCID record for M. Pavelka [Opens in a new window]  and
M. La Mantia Open the ORCID record for M. La Mantia [Opens in a new window]
P. Švančara
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121  16 Prague, Czech Republic
M. Pavelka
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121  16 Prague, Czech Republic
M. La Mantia*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121  16 Prague, Czech Republic
*
†Email address for correspondence: lamantia@mbox.troja.mff.cuni.cz
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Abstract

Macroscopic vortex rings are generated thermally in superfluid 4He, between 1.28 and 1.95 K, by applying a brief voltage pulse to a resistive heater located below a circular vertical tube 5 mm in diameter and 20 mm high. The rings form above the tube and propagate upward with velocities of the order of $10~\text{mm}~\text{s}^{-1}$, resulting in Reynolds numbers up to $10^{5}$. We visualize their cross-section, of size comparable with the tube diameter, by capturing the motions of relatively small solid deuterium particles, previously dispersed in the quiescent bath of superfluid 4He. We employ particle positions and velocities to compute the Lagrangian pseudovorticity, which can be seen as a measure of the ring strength and which allows us to identify and track these objects. We thus obtain time-dependent sizes, positions and velocities of the vortex rings. We show that, in the range of investigated parameters, these rings behave as if they were turbulent vortex rings moving in classical viscous fluids, at least in the direction of ring propagation. The outcome reinforces the view that the study of turbulent flows of superfluid 4He is not only interesting in its own right, but that it can also contribute to our current understanding of fluid turbulence in general.

JFM classification

Complex Fluids: Quantum fluids Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics Turbulent Flows: Turbulent Flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 889 , 25 April 2020 , A24
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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