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Tethered fleximags as artificial cilia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2011

AVIN BABATAHERI ,
MARCUS ROPER ,
MARC FERMIGIER  and
OLIVIA DU ROURE
AVIN BABATAHERI
Affiliation:
Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogenes, UMR 7636 CNRS/ESPCI ParisTech, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris Diderot, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
MARCUS ROPER
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
MARC FERMIGIER*
Affiliation:
Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogenes, UMR 7636 CNRS/ESPCI ParisTech, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris Diderot, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
OLIVIA DU ROURE
Affiliation:
Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogenes, UMR 7636 CNRS/ESPCI ParisTech, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Universite Paris Diderot, 10, rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: marc.fermigier@espci.fr
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Abstract

Flexible superparamagnetic filaments (‘fleximags’) are very slender elastic filaments, which can be driven by distributed magnetic torques to mimic closely the behaviour of biological flagella. Previously, fleximags have been used as a basis for artificial micro-swimmers capable of transporting small cargos Dreyfus et al. (Nature, vol. 437, 2005, p. 862). Here, we demonstrate how these filaments can be anchored to a wall to make carpets of artificial micro-magnetic cilia with tunable densities. We analyse the dynamics of an artificial cilium under both planar and three-dimensional beating patterns. We show that the dynamics are controlled by a single characteristic length scale varying with the inverse square root of the driving frequency, providing a mechanism to break the fore and aft symmetry and to generate net fluxes and forces. However, we show that an effective geometrical reciprocity in the filament dynamics creates intrinsic limitations upon the ability of the artificial flagellum to pump fluid when driven in two dimensions.

JFM classification

Low-Reynolds-number flows: Low-Reynolds-number flows Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: MEMS/NEMS Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 678 , 10 July 2011 , pp. 5 - 13
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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References

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Babataheri et al. supplementary material

Planar symmetric beating of a fleximag (180 microns long) at 0.1 Hz. Images reconstructed from 5 different planes.

Download Babataheri et al. supplementary material(Video)
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Babataheri et al. supplementary material

Planar symmetric beating of a fleximag (180 microns long) at 0.5 Hz.

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Video 25.9 KB

Babataheri et al. supplementary material

Planar asymmetric beating of a fleximag (180 microns long) at 0.1 Hz. The ratio of fast (rightward) to slow actuation frequencies is 10.

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Video 176.4 KB

Babataheri et al. supplementary material

Rotation of a fleximag on cone, seen from above at 0.1 Hz. The microscope is focused on the fleximag tip.

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Video 506.6 KB

Babataheri et al supplementary material

Rotation of a fleximag on cone, seen from above at 0.5 Hz. The microscope is focused on the fleximag tip

Download Babataheri et al supplementary material(Video)
Video 215.9 KB