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Edge state modulation by mean viscosity gradients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2018

Enrico Rinaldi Open the ORCID record for Enrico Rinaldi [Opens in a new window] ,
Philipp Schlatter Open the ORCID record for Philipp Schlatter [Opens in a new window]  and
Shervin Bagheri
Enrico Rinaldi*
Affiliation:
Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Philipp Schlatter
Affiliation:
Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC), SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Shervin Bagheri
Affiliation:
Linné FLOW Centre, KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
*
†Email address for correspondence: erinaldi@mech.kth.se
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Abstract

Motivated by the relevance of edge state solutions as mediators of transition, we use direct numerical simulations to study the effect of spatially non-uniform viscosity on their energy and stability in minimal channel flows. What we seek is a theoretical support rooted in a fully nonlinear framework that explains the modified threshold for transition to turbulence in flows with temperature-dependent viscosity. Consistently over a range of subcritical Reynolds numbers, we find that decreasing viscosity away from the walls weakens the streamwise streaks and the vortical structures responsible for their regeneration. The entire self-sustained cycle of the edge state is maintained on a lower kinetic energy level with a smaller driving force, compared to a flow with constant viscosity. Increasing viscosity away from the walls has the opposite effect. In both cases, the effect is proportional to the strength of the viscosity gradient. The results presented highlight a local shift in the state space of the position of the edge state relative to the laminar attractor with the consequent modulation of its basin of attraction in the proximity of the edge state and of the surrounding manifold. The implication is that the threshold for transition is reduced for perturbations evolving in the neighbourhood of the edge state in the case that viscosity decreases away from the walls, and vice versa.

JFM classification

Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Instability: Nonlinear instability Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 838 , 10 March 2018 , pp. 379 - 403
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Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

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