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The impact a Mediterranean Diet in the third trimester of pregnancy has on neonatal body fat percentage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2021

D. Ashwin Open the ORCID record for D. Ashwin [Opens in a new window] ,
L. Gibson ,
E. Hagemann ,
N. D’Vaz ,
N. Bear  and
D. Silva
D. Ashwin*
Affiliation:
Oceania University of Medicine, Apia, Samoa Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
L. Gibson
Affiliation:
Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
E. Hagemann
Affiliation:
Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
N. D’Vaz
Affiliation:
Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
N. Bear
Affiliation:
Institute for Health Research, Notre Dame University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
D. Silva
Affiliation:
Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Joondalup Health Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Danella Ashwin, Oceania University of Medicine, Apia, Samoa. Email: danella.ashwin@outlook.com
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Abstract

Maternal diet during pregnancy has long been recognised as an important determinant of neonatal outcomes and child development. Infant body composition is a potentially modifiable risk factor for predicting future health and metabolic disease. Utilising the Mediterranean Diet Score, this study focused on how different levels of Mediterranean Diet adherence (MDA) in pregnancy influence body fat percentage of the infant. Information on 458 pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy and their infants was obtained from The ORIGINS Project. The data included MDA score, body composition measurements using infant air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD), pregnancy, and birth information. Infants born to mothers with high MDA had a body fat percentage of 11.3%, whereas infants born to mothers with low MDA had a higher body fat percentage of 13.3% (p = 0.010). When adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index and infant sex, a significant result remained between high vs. low MDA and infant fat mass (FM) (2.5% less FM p = 0.016). This study suggests that high MDA in pregnancy was associated with a reduced body fat percentage in the newborn. Future studies are needed to understand whether small but significant changes in FM persist throughout childhood.

Keywords

Mediterranean Dietmaternal dietbody compositionbody fat percentageair displacement plethysmography (PEA POD)
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , August 2022 , pp. 500 - 507
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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