Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-mwx4w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-21T16:12:38.159Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Association of early postnatal growth trajectory with body composition in term low birth weight infants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 March 2014

P. Khandelwal ,
V. Jain ,
A. K. Gupta ,
M. Kalaivani  and
V. K. Paul
P. Khandelwal
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
V. Jain*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
A. K. Gupta
Affiliation:
Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
M. Kalaivani
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
V. K. Paul
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr. Vandana Jain, MD, Additional Professor, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India. Tel: 91-11-26594345; Fax: 91-11-26589766. (Email drvandanajain@gmail.com)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Growth acceleration or catch-up growth (CUG) in early infancy is a plausible risk factor for later obesity and cardiovascular disease. We postulate that this risk may be mediated by an adverse programming of body composition by CUG in early infancy. The study was aimed at evaluating the association between the pattern of gain in weight and length of term low birth weight (LBW) infants from birth to 6 months, with fat mass percent (FM%) at 6 months. Term healthy singleton LBW infants were enrolled. Baby’s weight and length z-scores were measured at birth and three follow-up visits. Body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry at last visit. A total of 54 babies (28 boys) were enrolled. The mean birth weight and gestation were 2175±180 g and 37.6±0.6 weeks. Follow-up visits were at 1.4±0.0, 3.0±0.3 and 7.2±0.8 months. The proportion of babies who showed CUG [increase in weight for age z-score (∆WAZ)>0.67] from birth to 1.4, 3.0 and 7.2 months was 29.6, 26.4 and 48.5%, respectively. The mean FM% at 7.2 months was 16.6±7.8%. Infants with greater ∆WAZ from birth to 3 and 7.2 months had significantly greater FM% at 7.2 months after adjusting for current age, size and gender. Infants with early CUG (<1.4 months) had higher FM% than infants with no CUG. We conclude that earlier and greater increment in WAZ is positively associated with FM%.

Keywords

body compositionfat massgrowthlow birth weightprogramming
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , June 2014 , pp. 189 - 196
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Nobili, V, Alisi, A, Panera, N, Agostoni, C. Low birth weight and catch-up-growth associated with metabolic syndrome: a ten year systematic review. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2008; 6, 241–247.Google Scholar
2. Dubois, L, Girard, M. Early determinants of overweight at 4.5 years in a population-based longitudinal study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006; 30, 610–617.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Stettler, N, Zemel, BS, Kumanyika, S, Stallings, VA. Infant weight gain and childhood overweight status in a multicenter, cohort study. Pediatrics. 2002; 109, 194–199.Google Scholar
4. Taveras, EM, Rifas-Shiman, SL, Belfort, MB, et al. Weight status in the first 6 months of life and obesity at 3 years of age. Pediatrics. 2009; 123, 1177–1183.Google Scholar
5. Ekelund, U, Ong, K, Linne, Y, et al. Upward weight percentile crossing in infancy and early childhood independently predicts fat mass in young adults: the Stockholm Weight Development Study (SWEDES). Am J Clin Nutr. 2006; 83, 324–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Eriksson, M, Tynelius, P, Rasmussen, F. Associations of birthweight and infant growth with body composition at age 15 – the COMPASS study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2008; 22, 379–388.Google ScholarPubMed
7. Oyama, M, Saito, T, Nakamura, K. Rapid weight gain in early infancy is associated with adult body fat percentage in young women. Environ Health Prev Med. 2010; 15, 381–385.Google Scholar
8. Stettler, N, Kumanyika, SK, Katz, SH, Zemel, BS, Stallings, VA. Rapid weight gain during infancy and obesity in young adulthood in a cohort of African Americans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77, 1374–1378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Singhal, A, Lucas, A. Early origins of cardiovascular disease: is there a unifying hypothesis? Lancet. 2004; 363, 1642–1645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Singhal, A, Fewtrell, M, Cole, TJ, Lucas, A. Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm. Lancet. 2003; 361, 1089–1097.Google Scholar
11. Gillman, MW. The first months of life: a critical period for development of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87, 1587–1589.Google Scholar
12. Chomtho, S, Wells, JC, Williams, JE, et al. Infant growth and later body composition: evidence from the 4-component model. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87, 1776–1784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Ong, KK, Emmett, P, Northstone, K, et al. Infancy weight gain predicts childhood body fat and age at menarche in girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94, 1527–1532.Google Scholar
14. Joglekar, CV, Fall, CH, Deshpande, VU, et al. Newborn size, infant and childhood growth, and body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors at the age of 6 years: the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007; 31, 1534–1544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Sachdev, HS, Fall, CH, Osmond, C, et al. Anthropometric indicators of body composition in young adults: relation to size at birth and serial measurements of body mass index in childhood in the New Delhi birth cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82, 456–466.Google Scholar
16. Li, H, Stein, AD, Barnhart, HX, Ramakrishnan, U, Martorell, R. Associations between prenatal and postnatal growth and adult body size and composition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77, 1498–1505.Google Scholar
17. Wells, JC, Hallal, PC, Wright, A, Singhal, A, Victora, CG. Fetal, infant and childhood growth: relationships with body composition in Brazilian boys aged 9 years. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005; 29, 1192–1198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Wells, JC. Body composition in infants: evidence for developmental programming and techniques for measurement. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2012; 13, 93–101.Google ScholarPubMed
19. Kumar, N, Shekhar, C, Kumar, P, Kundu, AS. Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale-updating for 2007. Indian J Pediatr. 2007; 74, 1131–1132.Google Scholar
20. de Onis, M, Onyango, AW, Van den Broeck, J, Chumlea, WC, Martorell, R. Measurement and standardization protocols for anthropometry used in the construction of a new international growth reference. Food Nutr Bull. 2004; 25(Suppl. 1), S27–S36.Google Scholar
21. WHO Anthro for personal computers, version 3.1, 2010: Software for assessing growth and development of the world’s children. Geneva: WHO, 2010 (http://www.who.int/childgrowth/software/en/).Google Scholar
22. Rajeshwari, K, et al. Infant, young child feeding chapter iaop, infant and young child feeding guidelines. Indian Pediatr. 2010; 47, 995–1004.Google Scholar
23. Ong, KK, Ahmed, ML, Emmett, PM, Preece, MA, Dunger, DB. Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2000; 320, 967–971.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Wells, JC. A critique of the expression of paediatric body composition data. Arch Dis Child. 2001; 85, 67–72.Google Scholar
25. Bhargava, SK, Bhargava, V, Kumari, S, Madhavan, S, Ghosh, S. Babies with severe intra-uterine growth retardation-linear physical growth from 0–24 months. Indian J Med Res. 1976; 64, 1480–1485.Google Scholar
26. Sridhar, K, Bhat, BV, Srinivasan, S. Growth pattern of low birth weight babies in the first year of life. Indian J Pediatr. 2002; 69, 485–488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Paul, B, Saha, I, Dasgupta, A, Chaudhuri, RN. A study on catch up growth among low birth weight infants in an urban slum of Kolkata. Indian J Public Health. 2008; 52, 16–20.Google Scholar
28. Bavdekar, AR, Vaidya, UV, Bhave, SA, Pandit, AN. Catch up growth and its determinants in low birth weight babies: a study using Z scores. Indian Pediatr. 1994; 31, 1483–1490.Google Scholar
29. Harding, JE, McCowan, LM. Perinatal predictors of growth patterns to 18 months in children born small for gestational age. Early Hum Dev. 2003; 74, 13–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. Tenovuo, A, Kero, P, Piekkala, P, et al. Growth of 519 small for gestational age infants during the first two years of life. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1987; 76, 636–646.Google ScholarPubMed
31. Albertsson-Wikland, K, Wennergren, G, Wennergren, M, Vilbergsson, G, Rosberg, S. Longitudinal follow-up of growth in children born small for gestational age. Acta Paediatr. 1993; 82, 438–443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Fitzhardinge, PM, Inwood, S. Long-term growth in small-for-date children. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1989; 349, 27–33, discussion 34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33. Khatua, SP, Saha, D, Khatua, S, Pal, SB. Early growth of term SFD infants in relation to caloric intake. Indian J Pediatr. 1987; 54, 695–701.Google Scholar
34. Srivastava, AK, Agarwal, VK, Gupta, SK, Mehrotra, SN. A longitudinal study of physical growth and morbidity pattern of small for date babies from birth to six months of age. Indian J Pediatr. 1978; 45, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35. Chaudhari, S, Otiv, M, Khairnar, B, et al. Pune low birth weight study – growth from birth to adulthood. Indian Pediatr. 2012; 49, 727–732.Google Scholar
36. Karlberg, JP, Albertsson-Wikland, K, Kwan, EY, Lam, BC, Low, LC. The timing of early postnatal catch-up growth in normal, full-term infants born short for gestational age. Horm Res. 1997; 48(Suppl. 1), 17–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Hokken-Koelega, AC, De Ridder, MA, Lemmen, RJ, et al. Children born small for gestational age: do they catch up? Pediatr Res. 1995; 38, 267–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38. Fomon, SJ, Haschke, F, Ziegler, EE, Nelson, SE. Body composition of reference children from birth to age 10 years. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 35(Suppl. 5), 1169–1175.Google Scholar
39. Butte, NF, Hopkinson, JM, Wong, WW, Smith, EO, Ellis, KJ. Body composition during the first 2 years of life: an updated reference. Pediatr Res. 2000; 47, 578–585.Google Scholar
40. Butte, NF, Wong, WW, Hopkinson, JM, Smith, EO, Ellis, KJ. Infant feeding mode affects early growth and body composition. Pediatrics. 2000; 106, 1355–1366.Google Scholar
41. Singhal, A, Kennedy, K, Lanigan, J, et al. Nutrition in infancy and long-term risk of obesity: evidence from 2 randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 92, 1133–1144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42. Ibanez, L, Ong, K, Dunger, DB, de Zegher, F. Early development of adiposity and insulin resistance after catch-up weight gain in small-for-gestational-age children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 91, 2153–2158.Google Scholar
43. Ibanez, L, Lopez-Bermejo, A, Suarez, L, et al. Visceral adiposity without overweight in children born small for gestational age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93, 2079–2083.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44. Modi, N, Thomas, EL, Harrington, TA, et al. Determinants of adiposity during preweaning postnatal growth in appropriately grown and growth-restricted term infants. Pediatr Res. 2006; 60, 345–348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45. Beltrand, J, Nicolescu, R, Kaguelidou, F, et al. Catch-up growth following fetal growth restriction promotes rapid restoration of fat mass but without metabolic consequences at one year of age. PLoS One. 2009; 4, e5343.Google Scholar
46. Kuzawa, CW, Hallal, PC, Adair, L, et al. Birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and adult body composition in five low and middle income countries. Am J Hum Biol. 2012; 24, 5–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47. Leunissen, RW, Kerkhof, GF, Stijnen, T, Hokken-Koelega, A. Timing and tempo of first-year rapid growth in relation to cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in early adulthood. JAMA. 2009; 301, 2234–2242.Google Scholar
48. Jain, V, Singhal, A. Catch up growth in low birth weight infants: striking a healthy balance. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2012; 13, 141–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed