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Cardiac and vascular health in late preterm infants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2021

Hasthi U. Dissanayake Open the ORCID record for Hasthi U. Dissanayake [Opens in a new window] ,
Rowena L. McMullan ,
Yang Kong ,
Ian D. Caterson ,
David S. Celermajer ,
Melinda Phang ,
Camille Raynes-Greenow ,
Jaimie W. Polson ,
Adrienne Gordon  and
Michael R. Skilton Open the ORCID record for Michael R. Skilton [Opens in a new window]
Hasthi U. Dissanayake*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Rowena L. McMullan
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Neonatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
Yang Kong
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Ian D. Caterson
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
David S. Celermajer
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
Melinda Phang
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Camille Raynes-Greenow
Affiliation:
Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Jaimie W. Polson
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Medical Sciences, Medical Foundation Building, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
Adrienne Gordon
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Neonatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
Michael R. Skilton
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Hasthi U. Dissanayake, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Email hasthi.dissanayake@sydney.edu.au
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Abstract

Adults who were born preterm are at increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in later life. Infants born late preterm are the majority of preterm births; however, the effect of late preterm on risk of cardiovascular disease is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether vascular health and cardiac autonomic control differ in a group of late preterm newborn infants compared to a group of term-born infants.

A total of 35 healthy late preterm newborn infants, with normal growth (34–36 completed weeks’ gestation) and 139 term-born infants (37–42 weeks’ gestation) were compared in this study. Aortic wall thickening, assessed as aortic intima–media thickness (IMT) by high-resolution ultrasound, and cardiac autonomic control, assessed by heart rate variability, were measured during the first week of life. Postnatal age of full-term and late preterm infants at the time of the study was 5 days (standard deviation [SD] 5) and 4 days (SD 3), respectively.

Infants born late preterm show reduced aortic IMT (574 μm [SD 51] vs. 612 μm [SD 73]) and reduced heart rate variability [log total power 622.3 (606.5) ms2 vs. 1180. 6 (1114.3) ms2], compared to term infants. These associations remained even after adjustment for sex and birth weight.

Infants born late preterm show selective differences in markers of cardiovascular risk, with potentially beneficial differences in aortic wall thickness in contrast to potentially detrimental differences in autonomic control, when compared with term-born control infants. These findings provide pathophysiologic evidence to support an increased risk of hypertension and sudden cardiac death in individuals born late preterm.

Keywords

Late pretermcardiovascular diseaseaortic intima–media thicknesscardiac autonomic control
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 13 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 128 - 134
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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Footnotes

Hasthi U. Dissanayake and Rowena L. McMullan contributed equally.

†

Joint first authors.

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